Cross of Honor of the German Mother (German: Ehrenkreuz der Deutschen Mutter ), i> Mutterehrenkreuz (Mother's Cross) or just Mutterkreuz (Mother's Cross), is a state décor provided by the German Reich government in honor of Reichsdeutsche wonderful for the Germans. The eligibility was then expanded to include the mothers of Volksdeutsche (German ethnic) from, for example, Austria and Sudetenland, which were previously incorporated into the German Reich.
The ornaments were conferred from 1939 to 1945 in three classes: bronze, silver, and gold, to Reichsdeutsche mothers who displayed honesty, model motherhood, and who contained and raised at least four or more children in the role. from parents. A similar practice, which continues to this day, has been established in France since 1920, conferring on the dà © dailé de la Famille franÃÆ'§aise (French Family Medal), a tribute to the French mother who raised some children in the right way.
Video Cross of Honour of the German Mother
Histori
In recognition of the importance of women's role and motherhood in supporting a strong German, the Honorable Cross of the German Mother was introduced with a decree in Berlin on December 16, 1938 by Förker und Reichskanzler (leader and chancellor) Adolf Hitler. The opening decree of the official decree states:
- As a gratitude from the Germans to the rich mothers of the children, I founded this German Mother's Honor Cross (Original text in German: "Als sichtbares Zeichen des Dankes des Deutschen Volkes an kinderreiche MÃÆ'¼tter stifte ich das Ehrenkreuz der Deutschen Mutter ").
The crosses were given every year on the second Sunday in May (Mothering Sunday or Mother's Day), but also expanded to include other national annual events. So apart from the institution in 1938, the first award was given in May 1939.
Maps Cross of Honour of the German Mother
Decorations
The Mother Cross consists of three classes, and is given to the mothers according to their laws: Verordnung des FÃÆ'¼hrers und Reichskanzlers ÃÆ'¼ber die Stiftung des Ehrenkreuzes der Deutschen Mutter vom 16. December 1938. Reichsgesetzblatt (RGBI) Teil I, 1938, No. 224, Seite 1923 (In English: The Law Command of the Chancellor and Chancellor on the Establishment of the Honorary Cross of the German Mother of 16 December 1938. Imperial- (Reichs) Law Gazette (RGBl) Part I, 1938, No. 224, ), and a strict nomination screening protocol.
Class
- class 1, Golden Cross: qualified mother with eight or more children
- Second class, Silver Cross: qualified mother with six or seven children
- Class 3, Bronze Cross: qualified mum with four or five children
Cross design
The design of the cross is a slender elongated shape of the Iron Cross or palatata cross and very similar in design to the Marian Cross of the Teutonic Knight Order (Marianerkreuz des Deutschen Ritterordens ), enamelled blue-translucent with a thin opaque white border. Resting in the shining starburst rays is a round metal decorated with the words "DER DEUTSCHEN MUTTER" (In English: TO THE GERMAN MOTHER) about a black black centered swastika symbol in the middle, a white enamel that filled. The design of the cross is the creation of Munich-based architect and sculptor founded Franz Berberich. The cross production involves several decision makers who have been approved by the President (Presidium Chancellery) from all German Reich. The maker's sign was never applied to the resulting cross; although each official production house applies their name to the case of dark blue presentations (inner coverings) for Class 1 Gold Cross and presentation sachets (opposite sides) for each Class 2 and 3 Cross.
Proposed cross design with diamond
In 1942, the class of "Golden Cross with Diamonds" was proposed, the criterion was the birth of twelve children, although at least one document of which the number was declared sixteen (double the amount required for gold orders). There is no known presentation of the decor, although prototype images are reportedly shown to Magda Goebbels. He would then be awarded an ad hoc and unofficial title "First Mother Reich" when Adolf Hitler gave him his Golden Party Badge shortly before he committed suicide.
Inverted copy
Written on the opposite side of the cross, in which two official back-side styles exist, is the inscription of Das Kind adelt die Mutter (Child glorifying Mother) found in early versions produced at the beginning during the early part of 1939. In subsequent versions produced from 1939 to 1945, the former reversed inscriptions were substituted during production with the date of decoration decree 16. Dezember 1938 . Just below each of the two styles is a written facsimile signature from Adolf Hitler; the style variations in this signature exist between the initial and subsequent generated versions.
Neckband
The decoration is worn around the neck on a narrow blue and white ribbon that is 60-70 cm in diameter. No other formats of wear or placement are allowed.
Document deed Conferral and identification
Accompanying the decor is the resignation deed ( Besitzzeugnis on the contrary Verleihungsurkunde ) sealed with the Hoheitszeichen des Deutschen Reiches (Main Seal of the German Reich) and the facsimile signature of Adolf Hitler and the facsimile signature of State Minister Otto MeiÃÆ'Ÿner, head of the Office of the President of Germany ( PrÃÆ'¤sidialkanzlei ). The pale blue-blue photo identification document ( Ausweis ) is also available, it identifies the holder and proves the awarding of the decoration to the recipient's mother, and provides instructions on the reverse side for correct use. decorations, permitted in all "formal" countries, celebrations and family events only.
Miniature Mother Cross
An approved, optional semi-official miniature version of the Mother's 2 cm-sized Cross with reversed inscriptions, embedded in blue-and-white bands, is also produced in each of its three classes; it is allowed for general everyday use only. The use of blue-and-white ribbons only, without a miniature cross mounted, is also authorized for the same purpose. Miniatures are optional supplements, which can be purchased privately from the relevant official stockist supplies such as jewelry on the highway or directly from the LDO approved medal maker (Leistungsgemeinschaft der Deutschen Ordenshersteller) who is responsible for producing private retail supplies. Other formats supplied by the producers to honorary recipients, such as brooches, are just unofficial jewelry.
Legacy
The Honorable Cross of Mother, upon the death of a respected mother of the recipient, is permitted by law to remain inherited with the abandoned family as a reminder of reminiscences.
Nomination and conferral terms
Ideology
The Honor Cross of the German Mother represents the fundamental ideology of the role of mother (the role of women under National Socialism) and ethnic-nationalism (movement of VÃÆ'¶lkisch ) from the time period in Germany. Its opening follows the previous "Roaring Twenties" or "1920s" as it was then called in Europe and the period during the Weimar Republic of Germany, which saw young women violate "custom" customs or also ruled out "traditional" lifestyle patterns.
Nominated
A recommendation presented collectively at the beginning of each month to the Presidential Chancellery of the Chancellery of Honors in Berlin for the honor of the Mother Cross can only be triggered by the local mayor's office, or on an application from Ortsgruppenleiter (leader of local political party) of the National German Socialist Workers Party (NSDAP), or Kreiswart des Reichsbundes der Kinderreichen (Reichs Union District Superintendent of wealthy children).
Feasibility, criteria and bureaucratic process
The nomination involves a long and complete bureaucratic process. Not only certain characteristics of the mother are observed and feasibility are studied closely, but it also leads to the grandparents. The Mother's Cross was highly respected by the government in Berlin, that additional bureaucratic resources assigned to lower civilian and military decorations were withdrawn for the complete administrative procedures that this decoration required. Its priority especially during wartime Germany saw all the honors and other civil decorations but the Mother's Cross was temporarily suspended because the initial goal of its formation was now more significant. Local government institutions such as the Social Welfare Board (Wohlfahrtsamt), the Public Health Department ( Gesundheitsamt ), the Young Welfare Institution ( Jugendamt ), the Police (< i> Polizei ) and other government agencies are all consulted in the process of feasibility investigation. Decorations can and will only be given to mothers who prove to be the most honorable. Thus, the following legislative prerequisites must be strictly met:
- a) that both parents of children are deutschÃÆ'¼tig (bloodline of Germany) and genetically,
- b) that the mother of the decor is indeed "worthy" of the decor, and
- c) that children are live births.
In detail, these criteria are required, for example:
- I). The evidence that will be given by the mother in the form of a signed statement "that the mother - and her husband - are deutschÃÆ'¼tig (blood of German descent), that their four grandparents are not Jews or other foreign ethnic origin, nor once belonged to or subscribed to the Jewish religion, and in circumstances where the husband or marriage had died - further confirmed that no known contradictory facts were found in believing in the DeutschblÃÆ'¼tigkeit (German lineage) of the ex-husband ". Unless a doubt is made to express otherwise in the validity of the given declaration, it should be accepted as sufficient.
- II). The mother is indeed "worthy" of the decoration (Ie proved the honorable mother of a prominent moral reputation, genetically and genetically-fit, with no evidence of previous confinement to the state prison (Zuchthaus), marital infidelity , unlawful abortion, or other personal expenses from taboos or social offenses such as prostitution or indecent behavior, intercommunity relations or exogamy, among other criteria that the government should investigate and prove.
- III). The further observed condition, involving the whole family, is that children are clear from genetic disorders or diseases, that conscious responsibility exists unattended to conscious parents who keep the family home in orderly standards acceptable and nurture children their children become useful colleagues. The husband is not serving a prison sentence, the family does not contain a large number of dependents (children) as a form of subsistence for the significant disbursement of money from the support of the child of the country (Kinderbeihilfe ) and thus feels entitled to avoid work routine in exploiting such lifestyles, family members are not chronic alcoholics, shy workers or have no conflict with law and police or other social delinquency present, and the family does not burden the private or public social welfare assistance./li>
If the authorities find such discrepancies during investigations that lead to ineligibility, families are at risk of being perceived or stigmatized as "asozial" or dysfunctional, which at the time is seen as a risk and threat to the welfare of the German nation. It was declared inconceivable and disgusting to consider or recommend a mother from such a family background for the honor of the Mother Cross. In a further extract of the official application screening protocol, the local mayor's office is also encouraged, if his office recommends a mother, to consider whether the concerned mother, who has given life to her children, has given birth to children who are likely to sacrifice in the interests of preserve the German nation, or whether children are a burden and a danger to the future of the German people, and children may need to be better still not to be born.
Benefits and privileges
Privileges are tied to honor, one example being privileged treatment, priority and priority services in society and public services. As rewritten, "... they are always given the best of everything: housing, food, clothing, and school for their children." Old people even have to sacrifice their seats on buses or trams They are treated like royalty with the greatest respect There is no queue for them In the meat shops, the best cuts of meat will go into their baskets, an attendant or nurse is assigned by the government to help them care for the mother and arrive in the morning. " Annuities are also considered for decorating mothers, but due to government budget constraints, this proves unworkable. Members of the Hitler Youth organization were also instructed; a wearer of the Mother's Cross should be welcomed with respect when given. The national newspaper VÃÆ'¶lkischer Beobachter (Community Observer) (1938 Issue No. 25) states: "... the holder of Mother's Honor Cross will in the future enjoy all kinds of privileges that we by nature have been accustomed to with our esteemed friends and our wounded war veterans. "
Dismissal of recognition
Decorative receipts no guarantee of permanent recognition, it can be canceled on a case-by-case basis under certain circumstances on the advice of the Reichsminister des Innern (Reichs-Minister of the Interior). For example, it can be undone if the mother stops being "worthy" by neglecting her children, marital disloyalty, or showing other problem behaviors.
Recipient
Public presentation ceremony
The first public presentation ceremony, following the birth of the Mother's Cross in December 1938, was held on Mother's Day 21 May 1939 in Germany. However, because the number of unexpected mothers who qualified for decoration in all classes at the outset, despite strict nomination criteria, resulted in early presentations restricted to mothers aged 60 and above due to various administrative and logistical limitations. The first year's presentation was also extended to include the October 1, 1939 "festival harvest" day ( Erntedankfest ), equivalent to gratitude, and December 24, 1939 Christmas Eve. It was not until Mother's Day 1940 and beyond that qualified mothers aged under 60 were finally presented with their Mother's Cross decorations and again this presentation was suspended until the later day of the same year. A recipient mother who can not attend her official invitation for a local public presentation ceremony receives the decorations sent through the postal service. Several presentation ceremonies were also recorded by films written by Die Deutsche Wochenschau (The German Weekly Newsreel).
Total decorations provided
The total total decorations given throughout its existence can no longer be traced through the limited official records that survived the Second World War, the central application archive held at the Berlin Presidential Chancellery (Pr) PrÃÆ'¤sidialkanzlei (/Presidential Chancellery) lost or otherwise. destroyed by closing the war, however, it was estimated that by September 1941 there were a total of 4.7 million matron recipients respected by the decor of the Mother Cross.
Miscellaneous
After the end of the Nazi Germany in 1945, the Mother Cross is sometimes referred to as MÃÆ'¼tterverdienstkreuz (Merit Mother Cross). The Mother Cross, however, belonged to the decorations and medals that were given during the Third Reich era of Germany, and as such, combining with the adopted swastika symbol design; use or display in public places, especially in German such decorations since July 26, 1957, is restricted and regulated by German law (Ref Bundesgesetzblatt (BGBl) I, 1957, S. 844, Ã, § 6) in accordance with the Success < i> the Law on Title, Order and Award of the Federal Republic of Germany ( Gesetz ÃÆ'¼ber Titel, Orden und Ehrenzeichen ).
See also
- MÃÆ' Â © daille de la Famille franÃÆ'§aise - French equivalent
- The Order of Mother and Hero-Mother Glory - the era of the Soviet Union is equivalent to
Notes and references
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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