Chicago ( Ã, ( listen ) , locally also ), officially Chicago City , is the third most populous city in the United States, after New York City and Los Angeles. With more than 2.7 million inhabitants, the city is also the most populous city in the states of Illinois and Midwestern United States. This is the county of Cook County. The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third largest in the United States. It is the birthplace of a skyscraper and perhaps the most influential architectural city of the 20th century. Chicago sees the creation of the first standard futures contract on the Chicago Board of Trade; today its successor has evolved into the largest and most diverse derivative market in the world, generating 20% ​​of all volume in commodities and financial futures.
Chicago was founded as a city in 1837 near a port between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River and grew rapidly in the mid-nineteenth century. After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, which destroyed several square miles and killed more than 100,000 homeless, the city made a concerted effort to rebuild. The construction boom accelerated population growth over the next few decades, and by 1900 Chicago was one of the five largest cities in the world. During this period, Chicago made a noted contribution to urban planning and zoning standards, new construction styles (including the Chicago School of architecture), the development of the Beautiful City Movement, and the steel-framed skyscrapers.
Located along Lake Michigan, the city is an international hub for finance, commerce, industry, technology, telecommunications, and transportation. O'Hare International Airport is one of the busiest airports in the world, and the region also has the largest number of US highways and railways. In 2012, Chicago is listed as a global alpha city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh worldwide in the 2017 Global City Index. Chicago has the fourth-largest gross metropolitan product in the world - about $ 670.5 billion according to September 2017 estimates his ratings after the metropolitan areas of Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles, and ranks ahead of number five London and Paris number six. Chicago is also the largest economy in the Midwestern United States. The city has one of the largest and most diversified and balanced economies in the world; independent of one industry, without a single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce.
Chicago is the second most visited city in the United States with 55 million domestic and international visitors, behind an estimated 62.8 million tourists to New York City in 2017. The city ranks first in the 2018 City Life Time Index, a global quality survey the lives of 15,000 people in 32 cities. Landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Campus Museum, Willis (Sears) Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicago culture includes visual arts, novels, films, theaters (especially improvised comedy), food and music, especially jazz, blues, soul, hip-hop, gospel, and house music. There are many colleges and universities in the Chicago area, where the University of Chicago, the University of Northwestern, and the University of Illinois at Chicago are classified as the "supreme research" doctoral university.
Chicago has a professional sports team in every major professional league. The city has many nicknames, the most famous is the City of Wind and Chi Town.
Video Chicago
History
Beginner
The name "Chicago" is derived from the French translation of the Miami-Illinois native shikaakwa for the wild relatives of the onion, known by botanists as Allium tricoccum . The first known reference to the current Chicago city site as "Checagou" was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir. Henri Joutel, in her journal in 1688, notes that abundant wild garlic "thrives" in the area. According to his diary at the end of September 1687:
when we arrived at a place called "Chicagou" which, according to what we can learn, has taken this name because of the amount of garlic grown in the forests of this region.
In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by Native American tribes known as Potawatomi, who had replaced Miami and Sauk and Fox people. The first known non-native permanent settler in Chicago is Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable is of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s. He is commonly known as the "Founder of Chicago".
In 1795, after the Northwest Indian War, the area to be part of Chicago was surrendered to the United States for a military post by an indigenous tribe pursuant to the Greenville Treaty. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn and then rebuilt. The Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes have surrendered additional land to the United States in the Treaty of 1816 St. Louis. The Potawatomi was forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833.
Establishment and the 19th century
On August 12, 1833, the City of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200 people. Within seven years, that number increased to more than 4,000 people. On June 15, 1835, the first public sale of land began with Edmund Dick Taylor as US Public Recipient. The city of Chicago was founded on Saturday, March 4, 1837, and for decades is the fastest growing city in the world.
As a Chicago Portage site, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. The first trains of Chicago, Galena and the Chicago Union Railroad, as well as the Illinois and Michigan Canal were opened in 1848. These channels allow steamers and boats to sail on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River.
A growing economy brings in people from rural communities and immigrants from abroad. The manufacturing and retail and financial sectors are becoming dominant, affecting the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade (founded 1848) records the first standardized "freight forwarder" contract, called a futures contract.
In the 1850s, Chicago gained national political advantage as the home of Senator Stephen Douglas, champion of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the approach of "popular sovereignty" to the issue of the spread of slavery. These issues also helped to drive another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage. Lincoln was nominated in Chicago for the US President at the 1860 National Convention of the Republic, held in Chicago in a temporary building called Wigwam. He defeated Douglas in an election, and this set the stage for the American Civil War.
To accommodate rapid population growth and demand for better sanitation, the city is improving its infrastructure. In February 1856, the Chicago General Council approved Chesbrough's plan to build the first comprehensive sewer system in the United States. The project raised many of Chicago's centers into new classes. When upgrading Chicago, and initially improving city health, untreated waste and industrial waste now flows into the Chicago River, and then to Lake Michigan, polluting the city's main freshwater source.
The city responded by making a two-mile (3.2 km) tunnel into Lake Michigan into the newly built water-box. In 1900, the problem of waste contamination was largely overcome when the city completed a major engineering feat. It reverses the flow of the Chicago River so the water flows away from Lake Michigan rather than into it. The project begins with the construction and repair of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and is equipped with a Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal linking to the Illinois River, which flows into the Mississippi River.
In 1871, the Great Chicago Fire destroyed an area about 4 miles (6.4 km) and 1 mile (1.6 km) wide, most of the city at the time. Most cities, including railroads and storage, survived intact, and from the rubble of previous wooden structures appeared more modern steel and stone construction. This sets a precedent for construction around the world. During the period of rebuilding, Chicago built the world's first skyscraper in 1885, using steel frame construction.
The city has grown significantly in size and population by combining many neighboring cities between 1851 and 1920, with the largest annexation taking place in 1889, with five cities joining the city, including Hyde Park Township, now partly great South Side of Chicago. and far southeast of Chicago, and Jefferson City, now the largest part of Northwest Chicago. The desire to join the city was driven by the city's service that the city could provide its inhabitants.
The growing Chicago economy attracted large numbers of new immigrants from Europe and migrants from the Eastern United States. Of the total population in 1900, more than 77% were born overseas or born in the United States from a foreign ancestor. The German, Irish, Polish, Swedish, and Czechs constitute almost two-thirds of the population of foreign birth (in 1900, whites were 98.1% of the city's population).
Labor conflicts followed the industrial explosion and rapid expansion of the labor pool, including the business of Haymarket on May 4, 1886, and in 1894 at Pullman Strike. Anarchist and socialist groups play an important role in creating enormous and highly organized labor action. Concern for social problems among Chicago immigrants caused Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr to discover Hull House in 1889. The program developed there became a model for new social work fields.
During the 1870s and 1880s, Chicago achieved national status as a leader in the movement to improve public health. Municipalities, and then, state laws that raise the standard of the medical profession and combat the urban epidemic of cholera, smallpox, and yellow fever, are passed and enacted. This law became a template for public health reform in cities and other states.
The city established many large city parks, which also included public sanitation facilities. The chief advocate for improving public health in Chicago is Dr. John H. Rauch, MD Rauch made plans for the Chicago park system in 1866. He created Lincoln Park by closing a grave filled with shallow graves, and in 1867, in response to the cholera outbreak he helped found the new Chicago Board of Health. Ten years later, he became secretary and then president of the first Illinois State Health Council, which did most of its activities in Chicago.
In the 1800s, Chicago became a national railroad, and in 1910 over 20 trains operated passenger services from six different city center terminals. In 1883, the Chicago railway managers required a general time convention, so they developed a North American time zone standard system. This system is to tell the time spread throughout the continent.
In 1893, Chicago hosted the Colombian World Exhibition in the former swamp at the current Jackson Park location. The exhibition attracted 27.5 million visitors, and is considered the world's most influential exhibition in history. The University of Chicago, formerly elsewhere, moved to the same South side location in 1892. The term "middle" for the fair or carnival called initially into Midway Plaisance, a plot of land that is still running through the University of Chicago campus and connects Washington and Jackson Parks.
the 20th and 21st centuries
1900 to 1939
During World War I and the 1920s there was a huge expansion in the industry. The availability of African-American attractive jobs from the Southern United States. Between 1910 and 1930, the African-American population of Chicago increased dramatically, from 44,103 to 233,903. This Great Migration has a huge cultural impact, called the Chicago Black Renaissance, part of the New Negro Movement, in art, literature, and music. Continuing racial tensions and violence, such as the Chicago Riot Riot of 1919, also took place.
The ratification of the 18th amendment to the Constitution in 1919 made production and sales (including exports) of illegal alcoholic beverages in the United States. This leads to the beginning of what is known as the Gangster Era, a time that roughly stretches from 1919 to 1933 when the Prohibition was lifted. The 1920s saw gangsters, including Al Capone, Dion O'Banion, Bugs Moran and Tony Accardo, law enforcement battles and one another on the streets of Chicago during the Prohibition era. Chicago is the site of St. John's Massacre. The famous Valentine in 1929, when Al Capone sent the men to shoot down rival gang members, the North Side, led by Bugs Moran.
Chicago is the first American city to have a homosexual-rights organization. The organization, formed in 1924, is called the Society for Human Rights. This produces the first American publication for homosexuals, Friendship and Freedom . Police and political pressure caused the organization to disband.
The Great Depression brought unprecedented suffering to Chicago, not least because of the heavy dependence of the city on heavy industry. In particular, the industrial estate on the south side and the environs lining the two Chicago River branches were destroyed; in 1933, more than 50% of industrial jobs in the city had disappeared, and the unemployment rate among blacks and Mexicans in the city was over 40%. Republican political machinery in Chicago was completely destroyed by the economic crisis, and every mayor since 1931 has become a Democrat. From 1928 to 1933, the city witnessed a tax rebellion, and the city was unable to meet salary payments or provide relief efforts. Unemployed workers, beneficiaries, and unpaid school teachers held large demonstrations during the early years of the Great Depression. The fiscal crisis was completed in 1933, and at the same time, federal grants began to flow into Chicago and allowed the city to complete the construction of Shore Drive Lake, landscaping many parks, building 30 new schools, and building a truly modernized State Street. Subway. Chicago is also a hotbed of labor activism, with the Unemployment Council contributing greatly to the initial depression to creating solidarity for the poor and asking for help, these organizations were created by socialist and communist groups. In 1935 the Alliance of American Workers began organizing the poor, the workers, the unemployed. In the spring of 1937 Republic Steel Works witnessed the massacre of the 1937 Memorial Day in the East Side neighborhood.
In 1933, Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak was mortally wounded in Miami, Florida, during a failed assassination attempt against President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1933 and 1934, the city celebrated its birthday by hosting the Century Expension International Exposition Worlds Fair. The exhibition theme is technological innovation during this century since the founding of Chicago.
1940 to 1979
When general prosperity returned in 1940, Chicago had a deep-rooted Democratic engine, a city government that was fully in demand, and a population that had enthusiastically shared the culture of mass and mass movement. More than a third of workers in the Chicago manufacturing sector are united. During World War II, the city of Chicago itself produced more steel than Britain every year from 1939-1945, and more than Nazi Germany from 1943 to 1945. The diverse industrial bases in the city make it second only to Detroit at a value of $ 24 billion - manufactured war goods. More than 1,400 companies produce everything from field rations to parachutes to torpedoes, while new aircraft manufacturers employ 100,000 in machine construction, aluminum sheets, bombs and other components. The Great Migration, which had ceased due to the Depression, continued at a faster pace in the period 1910-1930, when hundreds of thousands of black Americans arrived in the city to work in steel mills, railroads and shipping..
On December 2, 1942, physicist Enrico Fermi undertook the world's first controlled nuclear reaction at the University of Chicago as part of a secret Manhattan Project. This led to the creation of an atomic bomb by the United States, which was used in World War II in 1945.
Mayor Richard J. Daley, a Democrat, was elected in 1955, in an era of machine politics. In 1956, the city made its last major expansion when it landed under the O'Hare airport, including a small part of DuPage County.
In the 1960s, white people in some neighborhoods left towns for the suburbs - in many American cities, a process known as white flights - while the Blacks continued to move beyond the Black Belt. While home loan discrimination redlining against blacks continues, the real estate industry is practicing what is known as blockbusting, completely changing the entire racial composition of the environment. Structural changes in industry, such as globalization and outsourcing of jobs, cause heavy employment losses for workers with low skills. At its peak during the 1960s, about 250,000 workers were employed in the steel industry in Chicago, but the steel crisis of the 1970s and 1980s reduced this number to just 28,000 by 2015. In 1966, Martin Luther King Jr. and Albert Raby led the Chicago Freedom Movement, culminating in an agreement between Mayor Richard J. Daley and movement leaders.
Two years later, the city hosted the tumultuous 1968 Democratic National Convention, which featured physical confrontations both inside and outside the convention hall, with anti-war protesters, journalists and spectators being beaten by police. Major construction projects, including the Sears Tower (now known as Willis Tower, which in 1974 became the tallest building in the world), the University of Illinois at Chicago, McCormick Place and O'Hare International Airport were conducted during Richard J.'s term. Daley. In 1979, Jane Byrne, the first female mayor of the city, was elected. He helped reduce crime in the Cabrini-Green housing project and caused the Chicago school system out of the financial crisis.
1980 to present
In 1983, Harold Washington became Chicago's first black mayor. Washington's first office term in office directed attention to the poor and previously neglected minority neighborhoods. He was re-elected in 1987 but died of a heart attack soon after. Washington was replaced by 6th ward Alderman Eugene Sawyer, elected by the Chicago City Council and served until a special election.
Richard M. Daley, son of Richard J. Daley, was elected in 1989. His accomplishments include improving the park and creating incentives for sustainable development, closing Meigs Field in the middle of the night and destroying the runway. After successfully running for five re-election, and being the longest serving mayor in Chicago, Richard M. Daley refused to run for a seventh term.
In 1992, a construction accident near the Kinzie Street Bridge resulted in a violation linking the Chicago River to the tunnel below, which is part of a bargaining lug system that runs along the downtown Loop district. The tunnel contains 250 million million US gallons (1,000,000 m 3 ) of water, affecting buildings across districts and forcing power outages. The area was closed for three days and some buildings were not reopened for weeks; losses estimated at $ 1.95 billion.
On February 23, 2011, former Illinois Congressman and White House Chief Rahm Emanuel won the mayoral election, beating the challenge that he was not a Chicago resident and defeated five competitors with 55 percent of the vote, and was sworn in as Mayor. on May 16, 2011.
Maps Chicago
Geography
Cityscape
Topography
Chicago is located in northeastern Illinois on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. It is a major city in the Chicago Metropolitan Area, located in the Midwestern United States and the Great Lakes region. Chicago relies on a continental division at the Chicago Portage site, linking the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes watershed. The city lies beside a vast Fresh Water Lake, and two rivers - the Chicago River in the city center and the Calumet River in the South Side industrial estate - run through or partially through Chicago. The history and economy of Chicago is closely linked to its proximity to Lake Michigan. While the Chicago River has historically handled most of the airborne cargo in the region, the giant lake hauling vessels currently use the Port of Calumet Lake on the South Side. The lake also has other positive effects: moderating the Chicago climate, making the seaside environment a little warmer in winter and cooler in summer.
When Chicago was founded in 1837, most of the early buildings were around the mouth of the Chicago River, as can be seen on a map of 58 original blocks of the city. The overall value of the downtown area built is relatively consistent with the natural flatness of the overall geography of nature, generally showing only slightly differentiation. The average ground elevation is 579 ft (176.5 m) above sea level. The lowest point lies along the shore of the lake at 578 ft (176.2 m), while the highest point, at 672 ft (205 m), is the Blue Island moraine cliff on the far south side of the city.
The Chicago Loop is a central business district, but Chicago is also an environmental city. Lake Shore Drive runs close to most of Chicago beaches. Several parks along the waterfront include Lincoln Park, Grant Park, Burnham Park, and Jackson Park. There are twenty-four public beaches along 26 miles (42 km) from the seashore. Landfill extends into a part of the lake that provides space for Navy Pier, Northerly Island, Campus Museum, and most of the McCormick Place Convention Center. Most of the high-rise commercial and residential buildings are close to the seaside.
The informal name for the entire Chicago metropolitan area is "Chicagoland", which generally means the city and all the suburbs. The Chicago Tribune, which coined the term, including the city of Chicago, the rest of Cook County, eight nearby counties of Illinois: Lake, McHenry, DuPage, Kane, Kendall, Grundy, Will and Kankakee, and three counties in Indiana: Lake, Porter, and LaPorte. The Illinois Department of Tourism defines Chicagoland as Cook County without the city of Chicago, and only Lake, DuPage, Kane and Will County. The Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce defines it as all Cook and DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry and Will County.
Community
The main parts of the city include the central business district, called The Loop, and North, South, and West Sides. Three sides of the city are represented on the Chicago Flag by three horizontal white lines. The North Side is the most densely populated part of town, and many of the tall buildings are located on the side of town along the shores of the lake. The South Side is the largest part of the city, covering about 60% of the city's land area. The South Side contains most of the Port of Chicago facilities.
By the end of 1920, sociologists at the University of Chicago divided the city into 77 different community areas, which could be further divided into more than 200 informally defined environments.
Streetscape
The streets of Chicago lie on the road growing from the citysite's original yard, bordered by Lake Michigan to the east, North Avenue to the north, Wood Street to the west, and 22nd Street to the south. The roads follow the line section of the Public Land Survey System then become arterial roads in the remote part. When new additions to the city are kept, city regulations require them to be arranged with eight roads to a mile in one direction and sixteen in the other direction (about one street per 200 meters in one direction and one street per 100 meters in the other direction). Network governance provides an efficient way to develop new real estate properties. The number of diagonal streets, many of which are native to Native American passages, also across town (Elston, Milwaukee, Ogden, Lincoln, etc.). Many additional diagonal walks are recommended in the Chicago Plan, but only the extension of Ogden Avenue has ever been built.
By 2016, Chicago is ranked sixth largest city in the United States. Many of the city's residential streets have vast expanses of grass and/or trees between the road and the sidewalk itself. This helps keep pedestrians on the sidewalks further away from road traffic. Chicago's Western Avenue is the longest sustainable urban road in the world. Other famous streets include Michigan Avenue, State Street, Clark Street, and Belmont Avenue. The Beautiful City Movement inspires Chicago boulevards and parkways.
Architecture
The damage caused by the Great Chicago Fire caused the largest building explosion in the nation's history. In 1885, the first steel-framed building, the House Insurance House, rose up in a city like Chicago ushered in an era of skyscrapers, which will then be followed by many other cities around the world. Today, the Chicago skyline is one of the tallest and most densest in the world.
Some of the tallest towers of the United States are in Chicago; Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower) is the second tallest building in the Western Hemisphere after One World Trade Center, and Trump International Hotel and Tower is the third highest in the country. The historic Loop building includes the Chicago Board of Trade Building, the Fine Arts Building, 35 East Wacker, and the Chicago Building, 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments by Mies van der Rohe. Many other architects left their impressions on the Chicago skyline like Daniel Burnham, Louis Sullivan, Charles B. Atwood, John Root, and Helmut Jahn.
The Merchandise Mart, which was first listed in the list of the largest buildings in the world, is currently listed as the 44th largest (as of September 9, 2013), has its own zip code until 2008, and stands near the intersection of the North and South branches of the Chicago River. Currently, the top four buildings in the city are Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower, as well as its own postal code), Trump International Hotel and Tower, Aon Center (formerly Standard Oil Building), and John Hancock Center.. Industrial districts, such as some areas of the South Side, areas along the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, and the Northwest Indiana region are clustered.
Chicago gave its name to the Chicago School and is home to the Prairie School, two movements in architecture. Different types and scales of houses, townhouses, condominiums and apartment buildings can be found all over Chicago. Large patches of residential areas far from the lake are characterized by brick bungalows built from the early 20th century until the end of World War II. Chicago is also a leading architectural center of Polish Church architecture. The Oak Park suburb of Chicago is home to the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright, who has designed The Robie House located near the University of Chicago.
A popular tour activity is to take an architectural boat tour along the Chicago River.
Public monuments and art
Chicago is famous for its outdoor public art with donors who built funds for such art as far as the confidence of Benjamin Ferguson in 1905. A number of Chicago public artworks are by modern figurative artists. Among them are Chagall's Four Seasons; Picasso Chicago; Miro's Chicago; Flamingo Calder; Old Batcolumn Oldenburg; Great Interior Form Moore, 1953-54, Man Entering the Cosmos and Nuclear Energy; Dubuffet Monument with Standing Beast, Abakanowicz's Agora; and, Anish Kapoor's Cloud Gate has become an icon of the city. Some of the events that make up the history of the city have also been immortalized by artwork, including the Great Northern Migration (Saar) and a hundred years of statehood for Illinois. Finally, two fountains near the Loop also serve as monumental works of art: the Crown Fountain Plensa as well as the Buckingham Fountain and Burnham and Bennett.
More representational statues and portraits include numerous works by Lorado Taft (Fountain of Time, The Crusader, Eternal Silence, and Heald Square Monument completed by Crunelle), French Republican Statue, Edward Kemys's Lions, Abraham Lincoln by Saint-Gaudens: The Man (aka Standing Lincoln) and Abraham Lincoln: Head of State (aka Seated Lincoln), Christopher Columbus Brioschi, Me? Trovi? The Bowman and The Spearman, Dallin's Peace Signal, Fairbanks The Chicago Lincoln, Alarm Boyle, Polyek Cemetery for Masaryk, memorial with Solidarity Promenade to Ko? Ciuszko, Havli? Ek and Copernicus by Chodzinski, StrachovskÃÆ'½, and Thorvaldsen, memorial to General Logan by Saint-Gaudens, and Kearney's Moose (W) -02-03). A number of statues also honor recent local heroes such as Michael Jordan (by Amrany and Rotblatt-Amrany), Stan Mikita, and Bobby Hull outside the United Center; Harry Caray (by Amrany and Cella) off the Wrigley field, Jack Brickhouse (by McKenna) next to WGN studios, and Irv Kupcinet at Wabash Avenue Bridge.
There is an initial plan to set up a 1: 1 scale replica of the Wac statue? Aw Szymanowski Art Nouveau from FrÃÆ' © Chopin found in Warsaw Royal Baths along the Chicago lake besides a different statue to commemorate the artist at Chopin Park for the 200th birthday of Frà © nà © ric Chopin.
Climate
The city is located in the humid continental climate zone (KÃÆ'¶ppen: Dfa ), and experienced four distinct seasons. Summer is warm to hot and often humid, with July daily average of 75.8 ° F (24.3 ° C). In normal summer, temperatures can exceed 90Ã,  ° F (32Ã,  ° C) as much as 21à ¢ â,¬Â days. Winter is cold and snowy, though the city usually sees less snow and winters in the winter than experienced on the East Coast. There may be some sunny days in winter. Normal winter heights from December to March are around 36 ° F, with January and February being the coldest months and when, on occasion, overnight temperatures may drop. Spring and fall is a mild season with low humidity. Dewpoint summer temperatures range from 55.7  ° F (13.2  ° C) in June to 61.7  ° F (16.5  ° C) in July. The city is part of USDA Plant Hardiness zone 6a, transitioning to 5b in the suburbs.
According to the National Weather Service, Chicago's highest official temperature reading of 105 Â ° F (41 Â ° C) was recorded on July 24, 1934, although Midway Airport reached 109 Â ° F (43 Â ° C) a day earlier and recorded a heat index of 125 Â ° F (52 Â ° C) during the 1995 heat wave. The lowest official temperature of -27 Â ° F (-33 Â ° C) was recorded on January 20, 1985, at O'Hare Airport. Lightning often occurs during the spring that sometimes produces hail. Like other major cities, Chicago also experiences an urban hot island, making the city and its suburbs lighter than the surrounding countryside, especially at night and in the winter. Also, the proximity to Lake Michigan tends to keep the Chicago cooler in the summer and cooler in the winter than the area away from the lake.
Demographics
For the first hundred years, Chicago was one of the fastest growing cities in the world. When it was founded in 1833, fewer than 200 people had settled on what became the American border. At the time of its first census, seven years later, the population had reached more than 4,000. In the forty years from 1850 to 1890, the city's population grew from slightly below 30,000 to over 1 million. At the end of the 19th century, Chicago was the fifth largest city in the world, and the largest city that did not exist at the beginning of this century. In sixty years of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the population changed from about 300,000 to over 3 million, and reached the highest ever recorded population of 3.6 million for the 1950 census.
From the last two decades of the 19th century, Chicago was the destination of immigrant waves from Ireland, Southern Europe, Central and East, including Italy, Jews, Poland, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Albania, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia, Montenegro and Czech.. For these ethnic groups, the base of the urban industrial working class, added an African-American addition from South America - with the black population of Chicago doubling between 1910 and 1920 and doubling again between 1920 and 1930.
In the 1920s and 1930s, most blacks who moved to Chicago settled in the so-called "Black Belt" on the south side of the city. A large number of blacks also settled on the West Side. By 1930, two-thirds of Chicago's black population lived in parts of the city that were 90% black in racial compositions. The South Side of Chicago appears as the second largest urban black concentration in America, following Harlem, New York. Today, the South Side of Chicago and the adjoining southern suburbs make up the largest black-majority area in the United States.
The population of Chicago declined in the second half of the 20th century, from 3.6 million in 1950 to below 2.7 million in 2010. At the time of the official census count in 1990, the city was followed by Los Angeles as the second largest city in America.
The city has seen an increase in population for the 2000 census and is expected to increase for the 2020 census.
As per the US Census estimate per July 2016, the largest racial or ethnic group of Chicago is non-Hispanic White in 32.6% of the population, with the Hispanic population increasing to 29.7% of the population and Blacks declining to 29.3% of the population from 32.9% in 2010.
At the 2010 census, there were 2,695,598 people with 1,045,560 households living in Chicago. More than half of Illinois's population lives in the Chicago metropolitan area. Chicago is one of the most populous large cities in the United States, and the largest city in the Great Lakes Megalopolis. The racial composition of the city is:
- 45.0% White (31.7% non-Hispanic whites);
- 32.9% Black or African American;
- 28.9% Hispanic or Latino (any race);
- 13.4% of some other races; <5.5% Asia (1.6% China, 1.1% India, 1.1% Philippines, 0.4% Korea, 0.3% Pakistan, 0.3% Vietnam, 0.2% Japan , 0.1% Thailand);
- 2.7% of two or more races;
- 0.5% American Indians.
Chicago has a Hispanic or Latino population of 28.9%. (Members may be of any race, 21.4% Mexico, 3.8% Puerto Rico, 0.7% Guatemala, 0.6% Ecuador, 0.3% Cuba, 0.3% Colombia, 0, 2% Honduras, 0.2% Salvador, 0.2% Peru)
Chicago has the third largest LGBT population in the United States. By 2015, about 4% of the population is identified as LGBT. Since the legalization of same-sex marriage in Illinois in 2013, more than 10,000 same-sex couples married in Cook County, the majority in Chicago.
According to the United States Census Bureau Public Data forecast survey for 2008-2012, the average income for households in the city is $ 47,408, and the average income for families is $ 54,188. Male full-time workers have an average income of $ 47,074 compared to $ 42,063 for women. About 18.3% of families and 22.1% of the population live below the poverty line.
According to the American Community Survey 2008-2012, an ancestral group of 10,000 or more people in Chicago is:
People who identify themselves as "Other Groups" are classified at 1.72 million, and are not classified or not reported about 153,000.
Religion
71% of Chicago people identify as Christians, 7% identities with other religions, and 22% have no religious affiliation. Chicago also has many Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus, and others. Chicago is the headquarters of several religious denominations, including the Evangelical Covenant Church and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. This is the place of some dioceses. The Fourth Presbyterian Church is one of the largest Presbyterian congregations in the United States by membership.
The first two Parliaments of World Religions in 1893 and 1993 were held in Chicago. Many international religious leaders have visited Chicago, including Mother Teresa, the Dalai Lama, and Pope John Paul II in 1979.
Economy
Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States - about $ 670.5 billion according to September 2017 forecasts. The city is also considered to have the most balanced economy in the United States, due to its high diversification rates. In 2007, Chicago was named the fourth most important business center in the world in the MasterCard Worldwide Trading Center Index. In addition, the Chicago metropolitan area recorded the largest number of new or expanded enterprise facilities in the United States for calendar year 2014. The Chicago metropolitan area has the third largest science and engineering workforce of any metropolitan area in the country. In 2009 Chicago placed ninth on UBS's richest list of cities in the world. Chicago is the base of commercial operations for industrialist John Crerar, John Whitfield Bunn, Richard Teller Crane, Marshall Field, John Farwell, Julius Rosenwald and many other commercial visionaries who laid the foundations for the Midwestern and global industries.
Chicago is the world's financial hub, with the second largest business district in the United States. The city is the center of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, the Seventh District Bank. The city has a large financial and futures exchange, including the Chicago Stock Exchange, Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), and Chicago Mercantile Exchange ("Merc"), which is owned, along with Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) by Chicago CME Group. In 2017, Chicago's exchange traded 4.7 billion derivatives with a face value of more than a quadrillion dollars. Chase Bank has its commercial and retail banking headquarters in the Chicago Chase Tower. Academically, Chicago has been influential through the Chicago economic school, which fielded about 12 Nobel Prize winners.
The city and surrounding metropolitan area contains the third largest labor pool in the United States with about 4.63 million workers. Illinois is home to 66 Fortune 1000 companies, including in Chicago. The city of Chicago also hosts 12 Fortune Global 500 companies and 17 Financial Times 500 companies. The city claims two Dow 30 companies: the Boeing space giant, which moved its headquarters from Seattle to Chicago Loop in 2001, and Kraft Heinz. According to the magazine's Election Site , the Chicago area has seen headquarters relocation or expansion projects in the US for every four consecutive years from 2013 to 2016. Caterpillar Inc. will move its global headquarters, with about 300 executives and staff and support personnel, to the Chicago suburb of Deerfield, Illinois, while a high-tech center in Chicago, by the end of 2018. United Continental Holdings headquarters, its United Airlines subsidiary, and its central operations are in Willis Tower in Chicago. In June 2016, McDonald's confirmed plans to move its global headquarters to the West Loop Chicago neighborhood in mid-2018; Chicago was the company's headquarters between 1955 and 1971.
Manufacturing, printing, publishing and food processing also play a major role in the city's economy. Some medical products and service companies are headquartered in the Chicago area, including Baxter International, Boeing, Abbott Laboratories, and Healthcare General Electric divisions. In addition to Boeing, headquartered in Chicago in 2001, and United Airlines in 2011, GE Transportation moved its office into the city in 2013 and GE Healthcare moved its headquarters into the city in 2016, as did ThyssenKrupp North America, and a giant farm Archer Daniels Midland. In addition, the construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, which helped move goods from the Great Lakes to the south on the Mississippi River, and trains in the 19th century made this city a major transportation hub in the United States. In the 1840s, Chicago became a major harbor of wheat, and in the 1850s and 1860s the Chicago pork and pork industry expanded. When big meat companies grow in Chicago a lot, like Armor and Company, create a global company. Although today's meat-packing industry plays a lower role in the city economy, Chicago continues to be a major transportation and distribution center. Captivated by a combination of large business customers, federal research dollars, and a large recruitment pool supplied by universities in the area, Chicago is also home to more and more web startup companies such as CareerBuilder, Orbitz, Basecamp, Groupon, Feedburner and NowSecure.
Chicago has been the center of the Retail sector since its inception, with Montgomery Ward, Sears, and Marshall Field's. Today the Chicago metropolitan area is the headquarters of several retailers, including Walgreens, Sears, Ace Hardware, Claire, ULTA Beauty and Crate & amp; Barrel.
The late 19th century, Chicago was part of the madness of bikes, with the Western Wheel Company, which introduced stamping to the production process and significantly reduced costs, while in the early 20th century, the city was part of the car revolution, hosted the Builders car Era Kuningan, Bugmobile, which was founded there in 1907. Chicago is also the location of the Schwinn Bicycle Company.
Chicago is a major world convention destination. The city's main convention center is McCormick Place. With four interconnected buildings, it is the largest convention center in the country and the third largest in the world. Chicago also ranks third in the US (behind Las Vegas and Orlando) at a number of conventions held each year.
Chicago's minimum wage for non-tipped employees is one of the highest in the country and will gradually reach $ 13 per hour by 2019.
Contemporary culture and life
The beachfront location and the city's nightlife has attracted residents and tourists alike. More than one-third of the city's population is concentrated in the lakeside environment of Rogers Park in the north to South Shore in the south. The city has many upscale dining places as well as many ethnic restaurant districts. These districts include the Latin American neighborhoods, such as the 18th Street Pilsen and La Villita along 26th Street; Puerto Rico Paseo Boricua sack in the neighborhood of Humboldt Park; Greektown, along Halsted South Road, west of downtown; Little Italy, along Taylor Street; Chinatown in Armor Square; Polish Patch in West Town; Little Seoul in Albany Park around Lawrence Avenue; Little Vietnamese near Broadway in Uptown; and Desi area, along Devon Avenue in West Ridge.
Downtown is the center of Chicago's financial, cultural, government and commercial institutions and Grant Park and many city skyscrapers. Many of the city's financial institutions, such as the CBOT and the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, are located in a downtown section called "The Loop", which is an eight-block block with a five-block area of ​​city streets surrounded by elevated railroad tracks. The term "The Loop" is mostly used by locals to refer to all the downtown areas as well. The central area includes the Near North Side, the Near South Side, and the Near West Side, as well as the Loop. These areas donate famous skyscrapers, abundant restaurants, shopping, museums, stadiums for Chicago Bears, convention facilities, parks, and beaches.
Lincoln Park contains the Lincoln Park Zoo and the Lincoln Park Conservatory. River North Gallery District features the largest concentration of contemporary art galleries outside of New York City.
Lakeview is home to Boystown, the center of LGBT's big city night life. The Chicago Pride parade, which was held last Sunday in June, is one of the largest in the world with over a million people in attendance.
The South Side Hyde Park neighborhood is the home of former US President Barack Obama. It also contains the University of Chicago, ranked one of the world's top ten universities, and the Museum of Science and Industry. Burnham Park along the 6 miles (9.7 km) stretching along the southern edge of the country. Two of the city's largest parks are also located on this side of town: Jackson Park, bordering the waterfront, hosted the Columbian World Expo in 1893, and is the site of the museum mentioned above; and a little west sitting in Washington Park. The two parks themselves are connected by an extensive track of parks called Midway Plaisance, which is adjacent to the University of Chicago. The South Side hosts one of the city's biggest parades, the annual Budik Kop and Daily American Piknik Bid, which travels through Bronzeville to Washington Park. Ford Motor Company has a car assembly plant on the South Side in Hegewisch, and most of the Port of Chicago facilities are also on the South Side.
The West Side holds the Garfield Park Conservatory, one of the largest collection of tropical plants in any US city. The prominent Latino cultural attractions found here include the Puerto Rico Humboldt Park Art and Culture Institute and the annual Puerto Rican People's Parade, as well as the National Mexican Art Museum and St. John's Church. Adalbert in Pilsen. The Near West Side has the University of Illinois at Chicago and was once home to Oprah Winfrey Harpo Studios.
This city's distinctive accent, renowned for its use in classic movies like The Blues Brothers and television programs such as Bill Swerski's Superfans "Saturday Night Live" drama, is an advanced form of Inland Northern American English. This dialect can also be found in other cities bordering the Great Lakes such as Cleveland, Milwaukee, Detroit, and Rochester, New York, and the most prominent feature of rearrangement of certain vocal sounds, such as a short 'a' sound as in "cat" , which can sound more like "kyet" to outsiders. Accents stay in touch with the city.
Entertainment and art
Chicago's famous theater companies include Goodman Theater in the Loop; the Steppenwolf Theater Company and Victory Gardens Theater in Lincoln Park; and Chicago Shakespeare Theater at Navy Pier. Broadway In Chicago offers Broadway-style entertainment in five theaters: Oriental Center for Oriental Art Performance, Bank of America Theater, Cadillac Palace Theater, Roosevelt University Auditorium and Broadway Playhouse at Water Tower Place. Production of Polish languages ​​for a large language population in Chicago can be seen at the historic Gateway Theater at Jefferson Park. Since 1968, the Joseph Jefferson Awards are awarded each year to recognize excellence in theaters in the Chicago area. The Chicago theater community spawned a modern improvised theater, and included prominent groups The Second City and I.O. (previously ImprovOlympic).
The Chicago Symphony Orchestra (CSO) performs at the Symphony Center, and is recognized as one of the best orchestras in the world. Also appearing regularly at the Symphony Center is Chicago Sinfonietta, a more diverse and multicultural partner for CSOs. In summer, many outdoor concerts are provided at Grant Park and Millennium Park. The Ravinia Festival, located 25 miles (40 km) north of Chicago, is the CSO's summer home, and is a favorite destination for many Chicago residents. The Civic Opera House is home to Lyric Opera of Chicago. The Lithuanian Opera Company of Chicago was founded by Lithuanian Chicagoans in 1956, and featured operas in Lithuania.
The Joffrey Ballet and Chicago Festival Ballet perform at various venues, including the Harris Theater at Millennium Park. Chicago has several contemporary dance and jazz groups, such as Hubbard Street Dance Chicago and Chicago Dance Crash.
Other live-music genres that are part of the city's cultural heritage include Chicago blues, Chicago soul, jazz, and gospel. The city is the birthplace of home music, a very popular form of Electronic Dance Music, industrial music, and is the location of influential hip-hop scenes. In the 1980s and 90s, the city became a global center for home and industrial music, two forms of music made in Chicago, as well as being popular for alternative rock, punk, and new waves. The city has been a center for rave culture, since the 1980s. The independent rock culture that developed gave birth to an indie Chicago. The annual festival features various actions, such as Lollapalooza and Pitchfork Music Festival. The 2007 report on the Chicago music industry by the University of Chicago Cultural Policy Center put Chicago third among the US metropolitan areas in "the size of the music industry" and fourth among all US cities in "the number of concerts and performances".
Chicago has a distinctive visual art tradition. For much of the twentieth century, he fostered a strong figurative style of surrealism, as in the works of Ivan Albright and Ed Paschke. In 1968 and 1969, members of the Chicago Imagists, such as Roger Brown, Leon Golub, Robert Lostutter, Jim Nutt, and Barbara Rossi produced a peculiar representational painting. Henry Darger is one of the most famous outdoor art figures.
Chicago contains a number of great outdoor works by renowned artists. It includes Chicago Picasso, Mirós Chicago , Flamingos and Flying Dragon by Alexander Calder, Agora by Magdalena Abakanowicz, < i> Monument with Standing Beast by Jean Dubuffet, Batcolumn by Claes Oldenburg, Cloud Gate by Anish Kapoor, Crown Fountain Plants, and mosaic Four Seasons by Marc Chagall.
Chicago also has a nationally televised Thanksgiving parade that airs annually. The McDonald's Thanksgiving Parade is seen all over the country in WGN-TV and WGN America, featuring a variety of action from the community, marching band from around the country, and is the only parade in town featuring inflatable balloons every year.
Festivals
Over 400 environmental festivals are celebrated each year in Chicago, mostly during warm summers. A total of 300,000 people enjoy the traditions, entertainment, and cuisine of a respected environment. Larger, city-sponsored festivals celebrating music or food are held at Grant or Millennium Parks and feature world-class artists. Some of the more famous festivals include:
- Chicago Blues Festival
- Chicago Gospel Music Festival
- Taste of Chicago
- Chicago Jazz Festival
- Chicago Country Music Festival
- Chicago Summerdance
- World Music Festival Chicago
All city-funded festivals are free to attend.
Tourism
In 2014, Chicago attracted 50.17 million domestic travelers, 11.09 million domestic business travelers and 1.308 million visitors from abroad. This visitor contributed more than US $ 13.7 billion to the Chicago economy. Upscale shopping along Magnificent Mile and State Street, thousands of restaurants, as well as Chicago's famous architecture, continues to attract tourists. The city is the third largest convention destination in the United States. A 2011 study by Walk Score puts Chicago as the fourth largest city of the fifty largest cities in the United States. Most conventions are held at McCormick Place, just south of Soldier Field. The historic Chicago Cultural Center (1897), originally functioning as the Chicago Public Library, is now home to the Visitor Information Center, galleries and exhibition halls of the city. The Preston Bradley Hall ceiling includes a 38-foot (12 m) Tiffany glass dome. Grant Park has Millennium Park, Buckingham Fountain (1927), and Art Institute of Chicago. The park also hosts the annual Taste of Chicago festival. In the Millennium Park, there is a reflective sculpture Frame Gate . Cloud Gate, a common statue of British-born Indian artist Anish Kapoor, is the centerpiece of AT & amp; T Plaza at Millennium Park. Also, the outdoor restaurant turns into an ice rink in the winter. Two high glass sculptures form the Crown Fountain. The two fountain towers display the visual effects of the Chicago facial LED images, along with the water spraying from their lips. Frank Gehry's detailed stainless steel steel frame, Jay Pritzker Pavilion, hosted the Grant Park Music Festival classic concert series. Behind the pavilion stage is the Harris Theater for Music and Dance, an indoor venue for medium performing arts companies, including the Chicago Opera Theater and Music of the Baroque.
Navy Pier, located east of Streeterville, 3,000 feet (910 m) long and stores retail stores, restaurants, museums, exhibition halls and auditoriums. In the summer of 2016, Navy Pier built their DW60 Ferris wheel. Dutch Wheels, a world-renowned company producing ferris wheels, was chosen to design new wheels. It features 42 navy blue gondolas that can accommodate up to eight adults and two children. It also has an entertainment system inside the gondola as well as a climate-controlled environment. The DW60 stands at around 196Ã, ft (60 m), which is 46Ã, ft higher than the previous wheel. The new DW60 is the first in the United States and will be the sixth highest in the US. Chicago is the first city in the world to ever set up a Ferris wheel.
On June 4, 1998, the city officially opened the Museum Campus, a 10-hectare (lagoon) lake park, encircling the city's three main museums, each with its own national interest: the Adler Planetarium & Astronomical Museum, Field Natural History Museum, and Shedd Aquarium. The Museum campus joins the southern part of Grant Park, which includes the famous Chicago Art Institute. Buckingham Fountain towering downtown parks along the shores of the lake. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute has an extensive collection of archaeological artifacts of Ancient Egypt and the Near East. Other museums and galleries in Chicago include the Museum of Chicago History, the Driehaus Museum, the American Museum of African History of DuSable, the Museum of Contemporary Art, the Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum, the Polish American Museum, the Broadcast Communication Museum, the Pritzker Military Library, the Chicago Architectural Foundation and the Museum of Science and Industry.
With an expected completion date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be stationed at the University of Chicago at Hyde Park and includes the Obama presidential library and the Obama Foundation offices.
The Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) is a popular destination for tourists. The Willis Tower has an open observation deck for year-round tourists with stunning views overlooking Chicago and Lake Michigan. The observation deck includes a glass enclosed balcony that extends 10 feet at the side of the building. Travelers can look directly down.
In 2013, Chicago was selected as one of the "Top Ten Cities in the United States" to visit because of restaurants, skyscrapers, museums, and waterfront, by readers of Condon Nast Traveler.
Cuisine
Chicago lays claim to a large number of regional specializations that reflect the ethnic roots and urban working class. These include nationally renowned deep-dish pizzas; this style is said to originate from Pizzeria Uno. The thin crust of Chicago style is also popular in the city. The most famous for his pizza in Chicago includes favorites, like, Lou Malnati's and Giordano's.
The Chicago hot-style dog, usually an all-beef hot dog, is stuffed with a variety of toppings that often include pickled pickles, yellow mustard, pickled papaya pickles, tomato slices, pickled spears and ends with celery salts over poppy seed patties. Chicago style dog enthusiasts scowl at using tomato sauce for decoration, but may prefer to add giardiniera.
There are some typical Chicago sandwiches, among them Italian beef sandwiches, thinly sliced ​​beef stewed in juice and served on Italian rolls with sweet peppers or spicy giardiniera. A popular modification is the Combo - Italian Beef sandwich with additional Italian sausage. The others are Maxwell Street Polish, fried or fried kielbasa - on a hot dog roll, with roasted onions, mustard yellow, and hot chili.
The ethnic creations also include Vesuvio chicken, with grilled chicken bones cooked with oil and garlic in addition to sliced ​​roasted potatoes with onions and a sprinkling of green beans. Another is the influenced Puerto Rico jibarito, a sandwich made with fried plantains and fried instead of bread. There is also a mother-in-law, a tamale with chili and served on a hot dog bun. The tradition of serving Greek dishes, saganaki on fire, comes from the Greek community of Chicago. The appetizer, which consists of a square of fried cheese, was doused with Metaxa and flambà © ed table-side.
Two of the most decorated restaurants in the world and also receive a Michelin Guide 3 Star Award, Alinea and Grace are both located in Chicago. In addition, a number of famous chefs have restaurants in Chicago, including Charlie Trotter, Rick Tramonto, Grant Achatz, and Rick Bayless. In 2003, Literature
Chicago literature finds its roots in the tradition of direct journalism in the city, lending to a strong tradition of social realism. In the Encyclopedia of Chicago, Professor Northwestern University, Bill Savage describes Chicago fiction as a prose trying to "capture the essence of the city, its spaces, and its people." The challenge for early writers was that Chicago was a leading post that turned into a global metropolis within two generations. The narrative fiction of the time, mostly in the style of "high-flying romance" and "polite realism", required a new approach to describe the social, political and economic conditions of urban Chicago. Nevertheless, the people of Chicago work hard to create a literary tradition that will stand the test of time, and create a "city of feelings" of concrete, steel, vast lakes, and open grasslands. Many of Chicago's famous fictions focus on the city itself, with social criticism keeping the excitement in check.
At least, three brief periods in the history of Chicago have a lasting influence on American Literature. These included the Great Chicago Fire until about 1900, which became known as the Chicago Literary Renaissance in the 1910s and early 1920s, and the period of the Great Depression until the 1940s.
What would be an influential Poetry magazine was founded in 1912 by Harriet Monroe, who works as an art critic for the Chicago Tribune. The magazine found poets like Gwendolyn Brooks, James Merrill, and John Ashbery. The first professionally published poem T.Ã, S.Ã, Eliot, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock", was first published by Poetry . Contributors include Ezra Pound, William Butler Yeats, William Carlos Williams, Langston Hughes, and Carl Sandburg, among others. This magazine is instrumental in launching the poetic movements of Imagist and Objectivist. From the 1950s to the 1970s, American poetry continued to flourish in Chicago. In the 1980s, the form of modern poetry performances began in Chicago, Poetry Slam.
Sports
Sporting News named Chicago as "Best Sports City" in the United States in 1993, 2006, and 2010. Together with Boston, Chicago is the only city that has hosted major professional sports since 1871, only taking 1872 and 1873 dead because of the Great Chicago Fire. In addition, Chicago is one of six cities in the United States that has won championships in four major professional leagues and, along with New York and Los Angeles, is one of three cities that have won the football championship as well. Several major franchises have won the championship in recent years - Bears (1985), Bulls (91, '92, '93, '96, '97, and '98), White Sox (2005), the Cubs (2016), Blackhawks (2010, 2013, 2015), and Fire (1998).
The city has two Major League Baseball (MLB) teams: the Chicago Cubs of the National League play at Wrigley Field on the North Side; and the Chicago White Sox of the American League play at the Guaranteed Rate Ground on the South Side. Chicago is the only city that has more than one MLB franchise each year since the AL began in 1901 (New York only held one between 1958 and early 1962). Both teams have faced each other in the World Series only once: in 1906, when the White Sox, known as "Hitless Wonders," defeated the Cubs, 4-2.
The Cubs are the oldest Major League Baseball team that never changed their city; they have been playing in Chicago since 1871, and have continued so since 1874 because of the Great Chicago Fire. They have mema
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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