Compressed natural gas ( CNG ) (methane stored at high pressure) is a fuel that can be used instead of gasoline (petrol), fuel for Solar and propane/LPG. CNG burning produces less unwanted gas than the fuel mentioned above. Safer than other fuels in case of spillage, because natural gas is lighter than air and spreads rapidly when released. CNG can be found on top of oil deposits, or can be collected from landfills or wastewater treatment plants where known as biogas.
CNG is made by compressing natural gas (which consists mainly of methane, CH 4 ), to less than 1 percent of the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure. These are stored and distributed in hard containers at a pressure of 20-25 MPa (2,900-3,600 psi), usually in the form of cylinders or spheres.
CNG is used in a modified internal gasoline/internal combustion engine or in vehicles made for the use of CNG, either alone ('special'), with a separate gasoline system for expanding range (dual fuel) or with others. fuels such as diesel (bi-fuel). Natural gas vehicles are increasingly being used in Iran, especially Pakistan, the Asia-Pacific region, the capital of India Delhi, and other big cities like Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Pune, Kolkata - as well as cities like Lucknow, Kanpur, usage is also increasing in South America, Europe and North America due to rising gasoline prices. In response to high fuel prices and environmental problems, CNG began to be used also in tuk-tuk and pickup trucks, transit buses and schools, and trains.
The cost and placement of fuel storage tanks is a major barrier to wider adoption of CNG/faster as fuel. That's also why city authorities, public transport vehicles are the most visible early adopters, because they can more quickly amortize the money invested in new (and usually cheaper) fuel. Despite these circumstances, the number of vehicles in the world using CNG has grown steadily (30 percent per year). Now, as a result of steady industry growth, the cost of fuel storage tanks has come down to a much more acceptable level. Especially for the Type 1 and Type 2 CNG tanks, many countries are able to create reliable and cost-effective tanks for conversion needs.
CNG volumetric energy density is estimated at 42 percent of liquefied natural gas (because it is not liquefied), and 25 percent of diesel.
Video Compressed natural gas
Users
Motor vehicles
Worldwide, there are 14.8 million natural gas vehicles in 2011, led by Iran with 2.86 million, Pakistan (2.85 million), Argentina (2.07 million), Brazil (1.7 million) and India (1.1 million). with the Asia-Pacific region leading with 5.7 million BBG vehicles, followed by Latin America with nearly four million vehicles.
Some manufacturers (Fiat, Opel/General Motors, Peugeot, Volkswagen, Toyota, Honda and others) sell bi-fuel cars. In 2006, Fiat introduced Tetrafuel Siena in the Brazilian market, equipped with a 1.4L API engine running on E100, E25 (Standard Brazilian Gasoline), Ethanol and CNG.
Every existing gasoline vehicle can be converted into a double-fueled vehicle (gasoline/CNG). Official shops can retrofit and involve the installation of CNG cylinders, plumbing, CNG injection systems and electronics. The cost of installing a CNG conversion kit can often reach $ 8,000 for passenger cars and light trucks and is usually reserved for vehicles traveling miles each year. CNG costs about 50% lower than gasoline and emit emissions up to 90% less than gasoline.
Locomotive
The CNG locomotive is operated by several railroad tracks. The Napa Valley Wine Train managed to retrofit diesel locomotives to run on compressed natural gas prior to 2002. This converted locomotive was upgraded to utilize a computer-controlled fuel injection system in May 1190, and is now Napa Valley Wine Train's main locomotive. Ferrocarril Central Andino in Peru, has been running CNG locomotives on delivery lines since 2005. CNG locomotives are usually diesel locomotives that have been converted to use compressed natural gas generators instead of diesel generators to generate electricity that drives traction motors. Some CNG locomotives are capable of firing their cylinders only when there is demand for power, which theoretically gives them higher fuel efficiency than conventional diesel engines. CNG is also cheaper than gasoline or diesel.
Maps Compressed natural gas
Benefits
- Natural gas vehicles have lower maintenance costs than other hydrocarbon-fueled vehicles.
- The CNG fuel system is sealed, preventing fuel losses from spills or evaporation.
- The increasing age of lubricating oil, because CNG does not pollute and melt crankcase oil.
- Being a gas fuel, CNG mixes easily and evenly in the air.
- CNG tends not to burn on hot surfaces, because CNG has a high automatic ignition temperature (540Ã, Â ° C), and a narrow range (5-15 percent) of burning ability.
- CNG-powered vehicles are considered safer than gasoline-powered vehicles.
- Less pollution and more efficient:
- CNG emits far less direct pollution than gasoline or oil when it is burned (eg, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO) , nitrogen oxide (NOT x ), sulfur oxide (SO x ) and PM (particulate matter)). For example, a machine working on gas for 100 km emits 22 kilograms of CO 2 , while covering the same distance on CNG only emits 16.3 kilograms CO 2 .
- Due to lower carbon dioxide emissions, switching to CNG can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, leakage of natural gas (both in direct use and in production and fuel delivery) represents an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. CNG's ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions over the entire life cycle of the fuel will depend on the natural gas source and the fuel it replaces.
- The greenhouse gas emissions for CNG compressed from natural gas from a California pipeline are rated 67.70 grams CO 2 -equivalent per megajoule (gCO 2 e/MJ ) by CARB (California Air Resources Board), about 28 percent lower than the average gasoline fuel in that market (95.86 gCO 2 e/MJ).
- CNG produced from the biogas landfill was discovered by CARB to have the lowest greenhouse gas emissions from each fuel analyzed, with a value of 11.26 gCO 2 e/MJ (more than 88 percent lower of conventional gasoline)) in low-carbon fuel standards which came into force on January 12, 2010.
Weakness
Compressed natural gas vehicles require more space for fuel storage than conventional gasoline-powered vehicles. Since this is a compressed gas, rather than a liquid like gasoline, CNG needs more space for each GGE (equivalent gallon of gasoline). However, the tank used to store the CNG takes up space in the trunk of the car or bed of a pickup truck that has been modified to run on CNG. This problem is solved in factory-made CNG vehicles that install tanks under the vehicle body, leaving free luggage (eg, Fiat Multipla, New Fiat Panda, Volkswagen Touran Ecofuel, Volkswagen Caddy Ecofuel, Chevy Taxi - sold in countries like Peru). Another option is mounting on a roof (typical on a bus), which requires, however, a solution to the problem of structural strength. In 2014, a test (by the Danish Technological Institute) of heavy vehicles Euro6 on CNG and diesel showed that CNG has higher consumption, but the same noise and CO2 and particulate pollution, but NOx emissions are lower.
Code and default
The lack of harmonization of codes and standards across international jurisdictions is an additional barrier to market penetration of NGV. The International Organization for Standardization has an active technical committee that works on standards for natural gas fueling stations for vehicles.
Although there is no harmonious international code, natural gas vehicles have an excellent global safety record. Existing international standards include ISO 14469-2: 2007 applicable to CNG nozzles and vehicle containers and ISO 15500-9: 2012 establishes testing and requirements for pressure regulators.
NFPA-52 includes the safety standards of natural gas vehicles in the US.
Comparison with other natural gas fuels
Compressed natural gas is often confused with LNG (liquefied natural gas). Both are forms of stored natural gas. The main difference is that CNG is stored at room temperature and high pressure, while LNG is stored at low temperature and almost ambient pressure. Under their respective storage conditions, LNG is liquid and CNG is a supercritical fluid. CNG has lower production and storage costs compared to LNG because it does not require expensive cooling and cryogenic tanks. However, CNG requires a much larger volume to store energy equivalent to gasoline or gasoline and the use of very high pressure (3000 to 4000 psi, or 205 to 275 bar). As a result, LNG is often used to transport natural gas over long distances, on ships, trains or pipes, where gas is converted to CNG before being distributed to end users.
CNG is being stored experimentally at low pressure in a form known as an ANG tank (adsorbed natural gas), where it is adsorbed at 35 bar (500 psi, gas pressure in natural gas piping) in various sponges such as materials, such as activated carbon and MOFs (metal-organic framework). Fuel is stored at an energy density equal to or greater than CNG. This means that the vehicle can be recharged from the natural gas network without extra gas compression, the fuel tank can be slimmed and made of lighter and weaker material.
Compressed natural gas is sometimes mixed with hydrogen (HCNG) which increases the ratio of H/C (hydrogen/carbon ratio) of the fuel and gives it a flame speed up to eight times higher than CNG.
Worldwide
Iran, Pakistan, Argentina, Brazil and China have the highest number of vehicles in the world.
South America
The CNG vehicles are generally used in South America, where these vehicles are mainly used as taxis in major cities of Argentina and Brazil. Typically, standard gasoline vehicles are installed in specialty stores, involving the installation of gas tubes in the trunk and CNG and electronic injection systems. Argentina and Brazil are the two countries with the largest fleet of CNG vehicles, with a combined total fleet of more than 3.4 million vehicles by 2009. Conversion has been facilitated by substantial price differentials with liquid fuels, locally produced and increasing CNG conversion equipment. delivery infrastructure.
In 2009 Argentina had 1,807,186 NGVs with 1,851 refueling stations nationwide, or 15 percent of all vehicles; and Brazil has 1,632,101 vehicles and 1,704 refueling stations, with higher concentrations in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo.
Colombia has an NGV fleet of 300,000 vehicles, and 460 refueling stations, in 2009. Bolivia has increased its fleet from 10,000 in 2003 to 121,908 units in 2009, with 128 fueling stations. Peru has 81,024 NGVs and 94 refueling stations in 2009, but that number is expected to skyrocket as Peru sits at South America's largest gas reserves. In Peru, some factory-made NGVs have tanks mounted under the body of the vehicle, so the luggage is free. Among the models built with this feature are Fiat Multipla, the new Fiat Panda, Volkswagen Touran Ecofuel, Volkswagen Caddy Ecofuel, and Chevy Taxi. Other countries with significant NGV fleet are Venezuela (15,000) and Chile (8,064) in 2009.
Asia
In Singapore, CNG is increasingly used by public transport vehicles such as buses and taxis, as well as goods vehicles. However, according to Channel NewsAsia on April 18, 2008, more private car owners in the country are changing their fuel-driven vehicles to also run on CNG - motivated no doubt by the rise in gasoline prices. The initial cost of converting a regular vehicle into a double fuel in the German C. Melchers conversion workshop, for example, is approximately S $ 3,800; with the promise of real cost savings brought by dual-fuel vehicles in the long run.
Singapore currently has five gas stations for natural gas. SembCorp Gas Pte Ltd. running a station on Jurong Island and, together with the Singapore Petroleum Company, a gas station on Jalan Buroh. Both stations are located in the western part of the country. Other stations on the mainland are in Mandai Link in the north and are operated by SMART Energy. SMART also has a second station on Serangoon North Ave 5 that was set up late March 2009; The fifth and largest station in the world was opened by the UNION Group in September 2009. The station is recognized by Guniness World Records as the world's largest with 46 fueling hoses. This station is located in Toh Tuck. Union Group, which operates 1,000 CNG Toyota Wish cabs plans to introduce three other female stations and increase the CNG taxi fleet to 8000 units.
As a key incentive to use this environmentally friendly fuel, Singapore has environmentally friendly vehicle rebates for CNG technology users. First introduced in January 2001, GVR provides a 40 percent discount on the OMV (open market) fee of newly registered green passenger vehicles. The initiative will end by the end of 2012 as the government believes 'critical mass' of CNG vehicles will be built.
The Ministry of Transport of Myanmar passed a law in 2005 requiring all public transport vehicles - buses, trucks and taxis, to be converted to operate on CNG. The government allowed several private companies to handle the conversion of existing diesel and gasoline cars, and also began importing CNG bus and taxi variants. Crash accidents and rumors, partly driven by Myanmar's position in local hydrocarbon politics, have made people reluctant to use CNG vehicles, although now almost every taxi and public bus in Yangon, Myanmar's largest city, operates on CNG. CNG stations have been established around Yangon and other cities, but the lack of electricity means that vehicles may have to queue for hours to fill their gas containers. The Burmese opposition movement opposes the conversion to CNG, as they accuse the company of being a proxy of the junta, and also that petrodollars received by the regime will lead to the defense sector, rather than improving the infrastructure or the welfare of the people..
In Malaysia, the use of CNG was initially introduced to taxi and airport limousines during the late 1990s, when new taxis were launched with CNG machines while taxi operators were encouraged to send an existing taxi for full engine conversion. The practice of CNG use remains largely limited to taxis mainly in the Klang Valley and Penang due to lack of interest. No incentive is offered for them other than taxi owners to use CNG machines, while government subsidies on gasoline and diesel make conventional street vehicles cheaper for use in the eyes of consumers. Petronas, Malaysia's state-owned oil company, also monopolizes the provision of CNG for road users. In July 2008, Petronas operates only about 150 CNG refueling stations, most of which are concentrated in the Klang Valley. At the same time, another 50 are expected by the end of 2008.
As fuel subsidies were gradually phased out in Malaysia from June 5, 2008, a 41 per cent increase in gasoline and diesel prices led to a 500 per cent increase in the number of newly installed CNG tanks. The national car maker Proton considers the Waja, Saga and Persona models with the CNG kit from Prins Autogassystemen at the end of 2008, while local locally-assembled Hyundai car distributors offer new models with CNG kits. Conversion centers, which also benefit from a rush for lower operating costs, are also performing partial conversion for existing road vehicles, allowing them to run on both gasoline or diesel and CNG at a cost varying from RM3,500 to RM5,000 for passenger car.
In China, companies such as Sino-Energy are active in expanding CNG filling stations in medium-sized cities across the country's interior, where at least two natural gas pipelines operate.
In Pakistan, the Karachi government under Supreme Court orders in 2004 required all city buses and car rickshaws to operate on CNG with the aim of reducing air pollution.
In Pakistan in 2012, the federal government announced plans to gradually abolish CNG within a period of about three years due to a shortage of natural gas that negatively affected the manufacturing sector. In addition to limiting electricity generation capacity, gas shortage in Pakistan has also increased business costs for key industries including fertilizer, cement and textile sectors.
Iran has one of the largest fleets of CNG vehicles and CNG distribution network in the world. There are 2335 CNG refueling stations, with a total of 13,534 CNG nozzles. The number of vehicles burning CNG in Iran exceeds 3.5 million. CNG consumption by the Iranian transport sector is about 20 million cubic meters per day.
Africa
Egypt is among the top 10 countries in CNG adoption, with 128,754 CNG vehicles and 124 CNG refueling stations. Egypt was also the first country in Africa and the Middle East to open a general CNG refueling station in January 1996.
Most of the 780000 has been manufactured as a dual fuel vehicle by car manufacturers in the past two years, and the rest has been converted utilizing after-market tool conversions in the workshop. There are 750 active fuel stations across the country with an additional 660 fueling stations under construction and is expected to start operating. Currently the main problem facing the industry as a whole is the construction of refueling stations lagging behind the production of double-fuel vehicles, forcing many people to use gasoline instead.
Nigeria CNG started with a pilot project at Benin City Edo State in 2010 by Green Gas Limited. Green Gas Limited is a Joint Venture Company of NGC (Nigerian Gas Company Ltd.) & amp; NIPCO PLC. In October 2012 about seven CNG stations have been built in Benin City Edo State, with about 1,000 cars operating on CNG in the country of Benin City Edo. In the country of Benin City Edo, large companies like Coca-Cola use CNG to drive their fork-lift/truck while Edo City Transport Ltd (ECTS) also runs several buses on CNG.
Europe
In Italy, there are more than 1173 CNG stations. The use of methane for vehicles, began in the 1930s and continues to this day. Since 2008 there has been a large market expansion for natural gas vehicles (CNG and LPG) caused by rising gasoline prices and by the need to reduce air pollution emissions. Prior to 1995 the only way to own a CNG-powered car was to re-install it with a kit after the market. Major manufacturers are Landi Renzo, Tartarini Auto, Prins Autogassystemen, OMVL, BiGA,... and AEB for electronic components used by most kit manufacturers. Landi Renzo and Tartarini sell vehicles in Asia and South America. After 1995, bi-fuel (petrol/CNG) cars became available from several major manufacturers. Currently Fiat, Opel, Volkswagen, CitroÃÆ'¼, Renault, Volvo and Mercedes sell various models of small cars and trucks that powered gasoline/CNG. Usually CNG spare parts used by major car manufacturers are actually manufactured by automotive aftermarket manufacturers, for example Fiat uses Tartarini Auto components, Volkswagen uses GFI Teleflex components and Landi Renzo.
In Belgium CNG is a very new fuel. By early 2014 there were only 17 fueling stations, all in Flanders, but the numbers are now increasing rapidly. By early 2015 there were 29 fueling stations in Belgium, all in Flanders. In January 2017, there were 76 active refueling stations in Belgium, most of them in Flanders because only 7 of them were in Wallonia or Brussels. As fuel and compared to gasoline, CNG has favorable fiscal treatment with lower customs duties (although VAT is always paid). Because CNG, as a car fuel, is not entirely excluded from customs, CNG cars do not pay major road taxes to partially compensate the State for lost income. Instead LPG cars pay highway taxes in Belgium, because LPG is completely exempt from excise duty. Because CNG is not completely excluded from customs, in Belgium it is allowed to connect cars to natural gas home networks and to refuel cars from home. CNG car purchases are not subsidized by the government, but by Belgian manufacturers and natural gas distributors. Fiat and Volkswagen sell CNG-cars equipped factories in Belgium. By the end of 2013 there were only 344 cars operating with CNG in Belgium.
In Germany, the vehicles produced by CNG are expected to increase to two million units of motor transport by 2020. The cost for CNG fuels is between 1/3 and 1/2 compared to other fossil fuels in Europe. By 2016 there are about 900 CNG stations in Germany and major German car manufacturers such as Volkswagen, Mercedes, Opel, Audi offer CNG machines on most of their models. Augsburg is one of the few cities that only operate CNG public buses since 2011.
In Turkey, Ankara city government is increasingly using CNG buses, where the number has reached 1090 in 2011. Istanbul has begun in 2014 with 110 bus orders. Konya also added 60 buses to his fleet in the same year.
In Portugal there are 9 CNG refueling stations as of September 25, 2017.
In Hungary there are four public CNG refueling stations in the cities of Budapest, Szeged, PÃÆ'Ã… © cs and Gy? R. Public transport company Szeged runs buses mainly in CNG.
In Bulgaria, there are 96 CNG refueling stations as of July 2011. One can be found in most of Bulgaria's major cities. In the capital of Sofia there are 22 CNG stations thus allowing the city with the most publicly available CNG stations in Europe. There are also some in Plovdiv, Ruse, Stara Zagora and Veliko Tarnovo as well as in the cities of the Black Sea - Varna, Burgas, Nesebar and Kavarna. CNG vehicles are becoming increasingly popular in the country. Fuel is mostly used by taxi drivers because the price is much lower than that of gasoline. Currently (in July 2015), the city of Sofia is rapidly updating the public transport fleet by MAN Lion City bus that operates on CNG. Also, many companies are turning to CNG van cargoes and even heavy trucks for their daily operations within city limits.
In Macedonia, there is one CNG station located in the capital Skopje, but not for general use. Only twenty buses from the local Public Transport Company are installed to use a mixture of diesel and CNG. The first commercial CNG station in Skopje is in an advanced development phase and is expected to commence operations in July 2011.
In Serbia, there are five public CNG refueling stations two of which are in the capital Belgrade and the rest in the towns of Pan'voo, Kru'evac and? A? Ak.
In Slovenia, there are two public CNG refueling stations in the capital Ljubljana and in Maribor.
In Croatia, there are two public CNG refueling stations located near the center of Zagreb and in Rijeka. At least 60 CNG buses are used as a form of public transport (Zagreb public transport service).
In Estonia, there are 11 public CNG refueling stations 4 in the capital city of Tallinn and the other one in Tartu, PÃÆ'¤rnu, Viljandi, Rakvere, JÃÆ'Âμhvi and Narva. From 2011, Tartu has five CNG buses produced Scania operating the route within the city.
In Sweden there are currently 90 publicly available CNG charging stations (compared to about 10 LPG filling stations), mainly located in the southern and western parts of the country as well as the MÃÆ'¤lardalen Other areas 70-80 CNG SPBU is under construction or in the final stages of planning (completion 2009-2010). Some planned charging stations are located in the northern part of the country, which will greatly improve the infrastructure for CNG car users. There is roughly. 14,500 CNG vehicles in Sweden (2007), of which approximately. 13,500 are passenger cars and the rest includes buses and trucks. In Stockholm, the SL public transport company currently operates 50 CNG buses but has the capacity to operate 500. The Swedish government recently extended subsidies for the development of CNG filling stations, from 2009-12-31 through 2010-12-31.
In Spain CNG is a very new fuel and fueling network is being developed. In Madrid, EMT, using 672 buses running with CNG. In early 2015 there were 35 CNG fueling stations in Spain. Some car brands sell new cars with CNG, including Fiat, Volkswagen, Seat, and Skoda.
In 2013, there are 47 CNG filling stations in the Czech Republic, especially in big cities. Local bus producers SOR Libchavy and Tedom are producing a CNG version of their vehicles, with tanks mounted on the roof.
North America
Canada
Natural gas has been used as motor fuel in Canada for more than 20 years. With the help of federal and provincial research programs, demonstration projects and NGV market deployment programs during the 1980s and 1990s, the light-duty NGV population grew by more than 35,000 in the early 1990s. This assistance resulted in a significant adoption of natural gas transport buses as well.
The NGV market began to decline after 1995, eventually reaching the current vehicle population of around 12,000.
This figure includes 150 urban transit buses, 45 school buses, 9,450 light duty cars and trucks, and 2,400 forklifts and ice-resurfacers. Total fuel use in all NGV markets in Canada was 1.9 PJs (petajoules) in 2007 (or 54.6 million liters equivalent gasoline), down from 2.6 PJs in 1997. Public CNG refueling stations have declined the number from 134 in 1997 to 72 today. There are 22 in British Columbia, 12 in Alberta, 10 in Saskatchewan, 27 in Ontario and two in QuÃÆ' Â © bec. There are only 12 private fleet stations.
Canadian industry has developed CNG truck and bus engines, CNG buses, and light trucks and taxis.
Fuelmaker Corporation of Toronto, Honda's proprietary manufacturer of the CNG auto refueling unit, was forced to bankruptcy by Honda's parents USA for unspecified reasons in 2009. Fuelmaker assets were later acquired by Fuel Systems Corporation of Santa Ana, California.
United States
Similar to Canada, the United States has implemented various NGV initiatives and programs since 1980, but has limited success in maintaining the market. There were 105,000 NGVs operating in 2000; this figure reached 121,000 in 2004, and decreased to 110,000 in 2009.
In the United States, federal tax credits are available to purchase new CNG vehicles. The use of CNG varies from country to country; only 34 countries have at least one CNG refueling site.
In Texas, Rail Commissioner David Porter launched the Texas Natural Gas Initiative in October 2013 to encourage the adoption of natural gas fuels in the transportation and exploration and production sectors. By 2015 Texas is rapidly becoming a leader in natural gas infrastructure in the US with 137 natural gas (private and public) fuel stations. Nine months into Commissioner FY2015, Porter reported Texas CNG, LNG Sales Show 78 Percent Increase Over FY in 2014 to the present. Per Commissioner Porter in June 2015: "Natural gas vehicles become mainstream faster than expected This collection is almost double the amount collected last year at present.At 15 cents per gallon equivalent, $ 3,033,600 motor fuel tax equivalent to sales of 20,244,000 gallons of natural gas. "The $ 3 million in Texas natural gas tax revenue is for both CNG and LNG for FY2015 through May 2015. The Texas fiscal year begins September 1 so that 9 months of tax collection is represented.
In Athens, Ala., The City and its Department of Gas installed a public CNG station on Interstate 65 Corridor, making it the only public CNG station between Birmingham and Nashville in February 2014. Larger city fleet vehicles such as garbage trucks also use this public station to fill fuel. The city also has two non-public CNG stations charging slow for its fleet. Athena has added CNG/Tahoe gasoline to police and fire, CNG Honda Civic, CNG Heil trash truck, and Dodge CNG/gasoline pickup truck to his fleet.
In California, CNG is widely used in local city and district fleets, as well as public transport (city/school buses). There are 90 public refueling stations in southern California alone, and travels from San Diego so the Bay Area to Las Vegas and Utah is routine with the emergence of online station maps such as www.cngprices.com. Compressed natural gas is usually available for 30-60 percent lower than gasoline costs in most of California.
28 buses running the local route Gwinnett County Transit operate on 100 percent CNG. In addition, about half of the Georgia Regional Transport fleet shows, which runs and discharges from the Gwinnett County Transit facility, using CNG.
The Baywood Transport Authority is running 360 CNG buses in early 2007, and is the largest user in the state.
The Metropolitan Transport Authority (MTA) of New York City currently has more than 900 buses powered by compressed natural gas with a CNG bus depot located in Brooklyn, Bronx and Queens.
The Nassau Inter-County Express (or NICE Bus/formerly New York MTA Long Island Bus) runs 100% of Orion CNG bus bus for fixed route service consisting of 360 buses for service in Nassau County, part of Queens, New York, and the western part of Suffolk County.
The city of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania has transferred some of the city's vehicles to compressed natural gas in an effort to save money on fuel costs. Trucks used by city and waterways, sewers and gas departments have been converted from gasoline to CNG.
Personal use CNG is a small niche market today, although with the current tax incentives and the more public refueling stations available, it is experiencing unprecedented growth. The state of Utah offers subsidized CNG refueling center networks at the $ 1.57/gge level, while gasoline is above $ 4.00/gal.
Elsewhere in the country, the average retail price is around $ 2.50/gge, with a home refueling unit compressing gas from a residential gas line to under $ 1/gge. In addition to the aftermarket conversions, and government auction vehicles, the only CNG vehicles currently manufactured in the United States are the Honda Civic GX sedan, which is made in limited quantities and is only available in the state with retail refueling outlets.
An initiative, known as Pickens Plan, calls for the expansion of CNG use as a standard fuel for heavy vehicles recently commenced by oil entrepreneur and entrepreneur T. Boone Pickens. California voters defeated Proposition 10 in the 2008 General Election with a significant margin (59.8 percent to 40.2 percent). Proposition 10 is a $ 5 billion bond that, among other things, will give rebates to citizens who buy CNG vehicles.
On February 21, 2013, T. Boone Pickens and New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg launched the BBG mobile pizzeria. The company, Neapolitan Express uses alternative energy to run trucks as well as 100 percent recycled materials and compost materials for their storage boxes.
Congress has encouraged car conversion to CNG with a tax credit of up to 50 percent of the cost of automatic conversion and CNG charging station fees. However, while CNG is a much cleaner fuel, conversion requires a type certificate from the EPA. Fulfilling the type certificate requirements may cost up to $ 50,000. Other non-EPA approved kits are available. A complete and secure aftermarket conversion using a non-EPA approved kit can be achieved for only $ 400 without a cylinder.
Oceania
During the 1970s and 1980s, CNG was commonly used in New Zealand amid the oil crisis, but fell into decline after petrol prices receded. At the peak of natural gas use, 10 percent of New Zealand cars converted, about 110,000 vehicles.
For a period of time, Brisbane Transport in Queensland, Australia adopted a policy of buying only CNG buses. Brisbane Transport has 215 Scania L94UB and 324 MAN 18.310 models and 30 MAN NG 313 CNG articulated buses. The State Transit Authority purchased 100 Scania L113CRB, 283 Mercedes-Benz O405NH and 254 Euro 5-compliant Mercedes-Benz OC500LE bus.
Pada 1990-an Benders Busways of Geelong, Victoria menguji coba bus CNG untuk Energy Research and Development Corporation.
Martin Ferguson, Ollie Clark and Noel Childs featured on Report 7:30 raised the CNG problem as a neglected transportation fuel option in Australia, highlighting the large volume of LNG currently exported from the North West Shelf given the cost of importing oil crude to Australia.
Implementation
AT & amp; T ordered 1,200 CNG-powered cargo from General Motors in 2012. This is the largest ever order of CNG vehicles from General Motors to date. AT & amp; T has announced its intention to invest up to $ 565 million to deploy around 15,000 alternative fuel vehicles over a 10-year period through 2018, will use vans to provide and maintain high-speed Internet communications and television for AT & amp; T customers.
See also
- Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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