Kimberley is the capital and largest city in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. Located about 110 km east of the River Vaal and Orange encounters. The city has considerable historical significance due to past diamond mining and siege during the Second Boer War. British businessmen Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato made their fortune in Kimberley, and De Beers' roots can also be traced back to the early days of the mining town.
Kimberley is the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and the second in the world after Philadelphia incorporated electric streetlights into infrastructure on September 2, 1882. The first Securities Exchange in Africa was also built at Kimberley, early in 1881.
Video Kimberley, Northern Cape
History
Diamond discovery
In 1866, Erasmus Jacobs found a brilliant little pebble on the banks of the Orange River, on a farm of De Kalk hired from local Grika, near Hopetown, which was his father's field. He shows the pebbles to his father who sold them. Gravel was purchased from Jacobs by Schalk van Niekerk, who then sold it. It proved to be a 21.25-carat diamond (4.3 g), and is known as Eureka. Three years later, in 1869, an 83.5-carat diamond (16.7 g), later known as the Star of South Africa, was found nearby ( 29Ã, Â ° 3? s 23Ã, Â ° 58? E ). The diamond was sold by van Niekerk for £ 11,200 and then resold in the London market for £ 25,000.
Henry Richard Giddy tells how Esau Damoense (or Damon), the cook for Fleetwood Rawstone's "Party Cap", discovered a diamond in 1871 at Colesberg Kopje after he was sent there to dig as a punishment. Rawstorne brought this news to the nearest De Beer brothers - his arrival there sparked the famous "Rush" that, as historian Brian Roberts puts it, is practically an invasion. Within a month, 800 claims were cut into a small hill that was done energetically by two to three thousand people. When the land is lowered into a small hill into a mine - in time, the world-famous Kimberley Mine.
Cape Colony, Transvaal, Orange Free State and Griqua leader Nicolaas Waterboer all claim diamond fields. The Free State Boer especially wants the area because it is within the natural borders created by the Orange River and the Vaal River. After mediation overseen by the Governor of Christmas, the Keate Award won the Air Waterboer, which placed itself under British patronage. As a result, the area known as the Western Griqualand was proclaimed on 27 October 1871.
Gives place name: from Vooruitzigt to New Rush to Kimberley
The Colonial Commissioner arrived in New Rush on 17 November 1871 to exercise authority over the territory on behalf of the Cape Governor. Objections of small diggers and unrest led to the visit of Governor Barkly to New Rush in September of the following year, when he revealed a reverse plan to make Griqualand West proclaim the Crown Colony. Richard Southey would arrive as Lieutenant Governor of the Crown Colonies that heading in January 1873. However, months passed without any sign of a promised new proclamation or constitution and provisions for government representation. The postponement took place in London where the Colonel Foreign Minister, Lord Kimberley, insisted that before the electoral division could be determined, the places should receive "reasonable and understandable names." His deen refused to deal with such vulgarism, the New Rush and the Dutch name, Vooruitzigt ... he can not spell or pronounce it. "The problem was told to Southey who gave it to his Colonial Secretary JB Currey. Roberts writes that "when it comes to renaming New Rush, [Currey] proves himself a worthy diplomat, he makes sure that Lord Kimberley will be able to spell and pronounce the name of the main electoral division with, as he says, called 'after Your Majesty'. "New Rush became Kimberley, by the Proclamation of 5 July 1873. The digging sentiment was disclosed in an editorial in Diamond Field when it stated" we went to bed in New Rush and woke up in Kimberley, and so our dreams disappear. "
Following an agreement by the British government on compensation to the Orange-Free Country for its competitive land claims, Griqualand West was annexed to the Cape Colony in 1877. Prime Minister Cape John Molteno initially had serious doubts about the annexation of the debt-ridden region but, after making an agreement with the Government Origin and received assurances that the locals would be consulted in the process, he passed the Griqualand Western Adjustment Law on 27 July 1877.
Big Hole and other mines
When miners arrived at thousands of hills they disappeared and came to be known as Big Hole (or Kimberley se Gat in Afrikaans) or, more formally, Kimberley Mine. From mid-July 1871 to 1914, 50,000 miners dug holes with picks and shovels, yielding 2,722 kg of diamonds. The Big Hole has a surface of 17 hectares (42 hectares) and a width of 463 meters. It was dug up to a depth of 240 m, but then partially filled with debris reduced its depth to about 215 m; since it has accumulated water to a depth of 40 m leaving 175 m visible. Below the surface, Kimberley Mine under the Big Hole is mined to a depth of 1097 meters. The famous local myth claims that it is the largest hand digging hole in the world, but the Jagersfontein Mine appears to hold that record. The Big Hole is a major feature of the May 2004 filing that puts "Kimberley Mines and related early industries" on the UNESCO World Heritage List Tentative.
In 1873 Kimberley was the second largest city in South Africa, having a population of around 40,000.
The role and influence of De Beers
Small mining companies combined with Cecil Rhodes and Charles Rudd became De Beers, and The Kimberley under Barney Barnato. In 1888, the two companies merged to form De Beers Consolidated Mines, which used to have a monopoly over the world diamond market.
Very quickly, Kimberley became the largest city in the area, partly because of the massive migration to the African region from across the continent. The immigrants are welcome with open arms, because the De Beers company is looking for cheap labor to help run the mine. Another group that is attracted to the city to earn money is the prostitutes, from the various ethnicities that can be found in bars and salons. It is touted as an unlimited city.
Five large holes were dug into the earth following a kimberlite pipe, named after the city. Kimberlite is a blue ground with a diamond bearing under a yellow ground. The largest, Kimberley mine or "Big Hole" area of ​​170,000 square meters (42 hectares), reaches a depth of 240 meters (790 feet) and produces three tons of diamonds. The mine closed in 1914, while three holes - Dutoitspan, Wesselton and Bultfontein - closed in 2005.
Second Boer War
On October 14, 1899, Kimberley was besieged at the start of the Second Boer War. British troops who tried to defuse the siege suffered huge losses. The siege was only repealed on February 15, 1900, but the war continued until May 1902. At that time, the British built a concentration camp in Kimberley to accommodate Boer women and children.
Amalgamation
The Borough property of Kimberley and Beaconsfield which is currently managed separately merged as Kimberley City in 1912.
Under Apartheid
Although the level of urban segregation already exists, one of the most significant impacts of Apartheid in Kimberley city is the implementation of the Group Area Act. Communities divided by ratified categories, namely Europe (White), Native (Black), Colored and Indian - are now legally separated by the Mixed Marriage Act Prohibition. Individual families can be divided into three ways (based on well-known sizes such as 'pencil tests') and mixed societies are completely relocated (such as in Malay Camps - although the permits started before apartheid as such) or were selectively cleared (as in Greenpoint being 'Color' Group Areas, Africans and other residents who were previously moved to other parts of the city). The segregation of settlements is thus established in a process that sees the creation of new cities on the north and northeast sides of the developing city. The institutions hard hit by the Group Area Act, Educational Aid and other Acts include churches (such as the Bean Street Methodist Church) and schools (some, such as William Pescod and Perseverance School, temporarily moved the Gore Training School Browne (Native) is closed). Other laws restrict the movement of Africans and some public places into 'European Only' maintained in the case of Separate Facilities Reservation Act. The Native Law Amendment Act seeks to divide the church community along racial lines - a law rejected on behalf of all Anglicans in South Africa by Archbishop Clayton in 1957 (in terms of this apartheid aspect never being fully implemented in churches such as Kimberley's St. Cyprian's Cathedral).
The resistance to apartheid in Kimberley was installed since mid 1952 as part of the Campaign for Insubordination. Dr Arthur Letele assembled a group of volunteers to defy the law of segregation by occupying the 'Only Europe' bench on the Kimberley Railway Station - which led to the arrest and imprisonment. Later that year, the Mayibuye Rebellion at Kimberley, on November 8, 1952, revolved around the poor quality beer served in the beer hall. The fight resulted in the next mass shootings and funerals on November 12, 1952 at Kimberley's West End Cemetery. Detained after the massacre was suspected of 'ring-leader' Dr Letele, Sam Phakedi, Pepys Madibane, Alile Sehume, Alexander Nkoane, Daniel Chabalala, and David Mpiwa. Archdeacon Wade of St. Matthew's Church, as a witness to subsequent investigations, blames entirely on apartheid policy - including poor housing, illumination and public transport, along with "unfulfilled promises" - which he says "brings conditions that cause unrest. "
Next-generation anti-apartheid activists based in Kimberley include Phakamile Mabija and two post-apartheid prime ministers, Manne Dipico and Dipuo Peters.
Other prominent figures from the struggle against apartheid who have Kimberley connections include Robert Sobukwe, founder of Pan Africanist Congress, who was exiled (placed under house arrest) in Kimberley after he was released from Robben Island in 1969. He died in the city in 1978.
Benny Alexander (1955-2010), who later changed his name to Khoisan X, and served as Secretary General of the Pan Africanist Congress and the Pan-Africanist Movement from 1989, born and raised in Kimberley. Another prominent figure in color politics in the apartheid era was Sonny Leon.
Post-Apartheid
The Northern Cape Province became a political fact in 1994, with Kimberley as its capital. Some quasi infrastructural infrastructures have existed since the 1940s, but in the post-1994 period Kimberley experienced significant developments when administrative departments were established and deployed to new provincial governments. A Northern Cape Legislature is designed and located to bridge the previously divided city. The Kimberley City Council, renamed Sol Plaatje Municipal (see below) is enlarged. New symbols and Motto for the city are ushered in.
With the abolition of apartheid, earlier "white" institutions such as schools became accessible to everyone, as did the suburbs previously separated by the Group Area Act. In practice this process has become one of the upward mobility by those who can afford a more expensive option, while the majority of blacks remain in the cities where the poverty rate is high.
The development of large urban housing, with 'RDP housing', was implemented - not without criticism about quality. There is an increase in Kimberley population, urbanization driven by the abolition of the Influx Control Act.
Also added to the city is the completion of Platfontein made when the previous Xun and Khwe communities of Schmidtsdrift and originally from Angola/Namibia acquired land in 1996. Most of the people have moved to a new city by the end of 2003.
In 1998, Kimberley's Comprehensive Urban Plan estimated that Kimberley had 210,800 people representing 46,207 households living in the city.
In 2008 the forecast was in the region of 250,000 inhabitants.
Rename
The shift from the names of border farms to the names of excavation camps to the established names of the cities of Kimberley and Beaconsfield - which were originally incorporated in 1912 - are described above. The only trace of any pre-colonial settlement within the city's borders is to scatter the Stone Age artefacts and there is no record of what might be mentioned before the first border of the nineteenth century agricultural names. It lies outside the area occupied by the Tswana in the pre-colonial period. Sites like the Oldest Temple nearby witness testimonials of Khoe-San history dating from the nineteenth century.
In the post-1994 era Kimberley City Council was renamed Local Municipality of Sol Plaatje after the area it served expanded to cover the surrounding towns and villages, especially Ritchie. Sol Plaatje, a prominent writer and activist, lived for much of his life in Kimberley. Similarly, the old Diamantveld District Council became the City Municipality of Frances Baard, with reference to the union, Frances Baard, born in Greenpoint, Kimberley.
Maps Kimberley, Northern Cape
Coats of arms
Municipalities - The Kimberley city council assumed the emblem in 1878. The weapons were registered in the Cape Provincial Administration in December 1964 and at the Heraldry Bureau in February 1968.
The design is a combination of Union Jack and cost of the Cape Colony emblem, with candy to represent the diamond mining industry: Azure, cross and saltire superimposed Gules, both boasting Argent, in three bezant heads Or, each filled with fleur de lis Azure, and on the basis of three annulet Or; on Or candy, superimposed over the intersection, the Sugar lion is rampant . The motto is "Spero meliora".
Division council - Kimberley's division board, which manages rural areas outside the city, registered its own hands at the Bureau in August 1970.
Her arm is: Per saltire, in the head, barry bumpy six Argent and Azure; at base, Argent, pale Sable filled with three Argent fusels; dexter, Gules, spade and pick in saltire, hold down, Or; bad, Aesculapius staff, or . In layman's terms, shields are divided into four by two diagonal lines, and are depicted (1) six silver and blue lines with wavy edges, (2) picks and shovels crossed with red backgrounds, (3) Aesculapius gold staff, and (4 ) three silver-shaped grains on a vertical black line with a silver background.
The culmination is two crossed arms in front of the erect sword; his supporters are two holy; and the motto is "Nitanir semper ad optima".
Economy
Kimberley was the center of industrialization in South Africa at the end of the nineteenth century, which transformed the country's agrarian economy into another dependent on its mineral wealth. The main feature of the new economic arrangement is that of migrant workers, with the demand for African labor at the Kimberley mine (and later in the gold field) to attract an increasing number of workers from all the subcontinent. The system of labor compounds developed in Kimberley since the 1880s was then replicated in gold mines and elsewhere.
The city is housed in South Africa's first stock exchange, the Kimberley Royal Stock Exchange, which opened on 2 February 1881.
On September 2, 1882, Kimberley became the first city in the Southern Hemisphere to install electric street lighting.
The growing importance of Kimberley to one of South Africa's premier South and International Fairs will be staged at Kimberley in 1892. Opened by Sir Henry Loch, Governor of the Cape of Good Hope on 8 September. It presents an art exhibition, an exhibition of paintings from Queen Victoria's royal collections and mining machines and tools among other items. This exhibition aroused great interest at the international level, which resulted in competition for the display of space.
The first school of South African mines opened here in 1896 and then moved to Johannesburg, becoming the core of the University of Witwatersrand. The Pretoria campus later became the University of Pretoria. Even the first two years are attended in college elsewhere, in Cape Town, Grahamstown or Stellenbosch, the third year at Kimberley and the fourth year in Johannesburg. The building was built at a total cost of 9,000 pounds with De Beers contributing to the pound for the pound.
Transportation
Flights
The first South African aviation school, to train pilots for the proposed South African Aviation Corp (SAAC), was established in Kimberley in 1913. Known as Patrician Flight Patrician Flight , commemorated at the Pioneers of the Aviation Museum (and replica The first Compton Patterson Biplane to be preserved there), located near Kimberley airport. In the 1930s, Kimberley boasted the best nightly landing facility on the African continent. The big air rally was held there in 1934. In the war years, Kimberley Airport was controlled by the Union Defense Force and run by 21 Flying Schools for fighter pilot training.
Today Kimberley Airport (IATA: KIM , ICAO: FAKM ) serves the area, with regular scheduled flights from Cape Town and Johannesburg.
Train
Works to connect Kimberley by train to cities along the Cape Colony coastline that began in 1872, under the management of the Cape Town Railway. The railroad from Cape Town to Kimberley completed in 1885, accelerating the transport of passengers and freight. The rail link links Kimberley with sources of wheat and other cheaper products, as well as coal supplies, so one of its local impacts is to weaken (mainly Africa) the trade in fresh produce and firewood in the Kimberley interior. Another footnote to the history of trains was his role in the rapid spread of the epidemic of Spanish influenza in 1918.
Rail reticulation will eventually connect Kimberley to Port Elizabeth, Johannesburg, Durban, and Bloemfontein. The main intersection at De Aar in Karoo connects the beginning of the twentieth century to Upington (then to Namibia) and to Calvinia. From the 1990s there was a decline in the use of trains.
- Today's passenger train services to and from Kimberley are provided by Spoornet's Shosholoza Meyl, with connections south to Cape Town and Port Elizabeth and north to Johannesburg. A luxurious train experience is provided on the main north-south route by the Blue Train and Rovos Railway.
Path
The Wagon and coach routes are developed rapidly as the rush to the diamond fields gathers momentum. The two main routes came from the Cape and from Port Elizabeth, the nearest maritime port at the time. Contemporary accounts of the 1870s depicted the terrible conditions of some roads and condemned the absence of bridges. From the mid 1880s the route through Kimberley and Mafeking (now Mahikeng) became the main axis of British colonial penetration and it was from Kimberley, along that route, that the Pioneer Column for the settlement of Rhodesia was set in 1890. Today, however, the central arterial route to north, N1 from Cape to Johannesburg, past Bloemfontein, not Kimberley.
- Kimberley is located at the N12 and N8 national crossroads.
Today
Today, Kimberley is the center of the Provincial Legislature for the Northern Cape and Provincial Administration. It serves the mining and agricultural sectors of the region.
Tourism
The city projects itself as a significant tourist destination, 'Glittering City', boasting the diversity of museums and visitor attractions. It is also a gateway to other Cape Cape destinations including Mokala National Park, nature reserve and various game farms or hunting lodges, as well as historical sites in the region.
conference-hosting
Kimberley has hosted important meetings and conferences, developed the main venue, the Seperepere Mittah Convention Center, and other hosting conferencing facilities. Recent meetings include the Kimberley Processing establishment meeting (2000) and follow-up meetings of this organization in 2013, and the International Indigenous Peoples Meeting on Sustainable Development (2002).
Climate and geography
Climate
Water
Kimberley Water is pumped from the River Vaal in Riverton, about 15 km north of the city.
Districts/Suburbs/Cities
Demographics
According to the 2011 census, Kimberley's "exact" population is 96,977, while Galeshewe and Roodepan cities have 107,920 and 20,263 populations respectively. This gives the urban population a total population of 225,160. Of this population, 63.1% identified themselves as "Black African", 26.8% as "Colored", 8.0% as "White" and 1.2% as "India or Asia". 43.2% of the population Afrikaans spoke as their first language, 35.8% spoke Setswana, 8.7% spoke English, 6.0% spoke xhosa content and 2.7% spoke Sesotho.
Landscapes, urban and rural
Kimberley is located in a relatively flat landscape with no prominent topographic features within the urban limits. The only "hill" is the rubble debris produced by diamond mining over a century. From the 1990s it was recycled and poured back to De Beers Mine (in 2010 filled up to several tens of meters from the surface). Certain mining dumps, around the Big Hole, have been declared a heritage feature and should be preserved as part of Kimberley's historic industrial landscape.
The surrounding rural landscape, no more than a few minutes' drive from every part of the city, consists of a relatively flat plain adorned with hills, mainly outcropping basement rocks (andesite) to the north and northwest, or Karoo ages dolerit to the south and east. Shallow pans formed on the plains.
One of Kimberley's notorious features is Kamfers Dam, a large pan north of the city, which is an important wetland that supports a lower flamingo breeding colony. The conservation initiative in the area aims to bring people from the city to connect with wildlife. In 2012, rising water levels flooded artificial islands built to enhance flamingo breeding, while in December 2013, a local outbreak of poultry botulism bacteria caused the deaths of hundreds of birds. The island has reappeared.
Local and provincial governments
The administration of the Western Griqualand Crown Colony (from 1873) was carried out from the Government House in Kimberley to the annexation of the Colonies to the Cape in 1880. At the local government level, separate Borough Boards operated in Kimberley and Beaconsfield until their amalgamation as Kimberley City in 1912. , The single City Council regulates municipal affairs, while the Division Council manages the surrounding rural districts. In the 1980s, in the last days of apartheid, a separate political entity called Galeshewe (with Mankurwane) was formed with his own council.
After 1994 the Kimberley City Council became the Local Municipality of Sol Plaatje while the successor of what has become the Diamandveld Regional Service Council is the Regional Municipality of Frances Baard.
The idea of ​​establishing the Northern Cape as a distinct geographical entity dates from the 1940s but became a political and administrative fact only in 1994, with Kimberley formally becoming the new provincial legislative capital. The provincial legislature initially occupied the old Cape Provincial Administration building at the Civic Center before moving to a deliberately built Legislature intentionally located between one of the previously white cities and suburbs. Kimberley is also the seat of the North Cape Division in the South African High Court, which carries out jurisdiction over the province.
Education
Education is a major sector in Kimberley's social and economic life.
Basic education
- Beacon Elementary School
- Diamantveld Laerskool
- Endeavor Elementary School
- Eureka Elementary School
- Flamingo Primary School
- Northern Elementary Flooring
- Herlear Elementary School
- Elementary School of Isago
- Kim Kgolo Elementary School
- Kimberley Junior School
- Letshego Elementary School
- Elementary School of Masiza
- Elementary School Help
- Montshiwa Elementary School
- Newton Elementary School
- St Cyprian Grammar School
- St Peters Elementary School
- Swart President Staat School (now known as Staats Elementary School)
- Tshiamo Elementary School
- Tshwarelela Elementary School
- West End Elementary School
- Zingisa Elementary School
- Vooruitig Elementary School
- Ryva Learning Academy
Secondary education
- SMA Adamantia
- Diamantveld High School
- High School Floor
- SMA Greenpoint
- Homevale Secondary High School
- HTS Kimberley
- Kimberley Boys High School
- Kimberley Girls High School
- Northern Cape High School
- St. Boniface High Shool
- Christian Brothers College
- SMA William Pescod
Tertiary education
- Henrietta Stockdale Training College for nurses
- Kimberley Academy of Music is in line with NIHE
- The National Institute of Higher Education, Kimberley, incorporating Phatsimang and Perseverance High Schools
- Northern Cape Urban FET College, which combines former Northern Cape, Moremogolo, and RC Elliott Technical Colleges
- [[Qualitas Career Academy, (National brand, private college). It offers full time and part-time study for students as well as corporate training and consulting services for businesses and government departments.
Sol Plaatje University
Sol Plaatje University opened in Kimberley in 2014, accommodating a modest initial intake of 135 students. Announcing a name for the university, President Jacob Zuma mentions the development of an academic niche that is not elsewhere, or poorly represented, in South Africa. "Given Kimberley's rich heritage and the Northern Cape in general," Zuma said, "it is thought that Sol Plaatje will specialize in inheritance studies, including interconnected academic fields such as museum management, archeology, indigenous languages, and restoration architecture."
Tertiary institutions are inactive
Tertiary educational institutions no longer exist (or are absorbed into the above organizational configuration):
Society and culture
Religion
Kimberley, from the early days, attracted people from various religions that were still reflected by practicing the religious community in the city. The most important are the various denominations of Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, and other religions. African traditional belief continues as an element in the Zionist Christian Church (ZCC). Kimberley is the center of the Anglican Diocese in Kimberley and Kuruman as well as the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kimberley - formerly the Apostolic Vicariate of Kimberley in Orange. Other denominations that have churches in the city are Methodist Church, Presbyterian Church, Congregational Church, Dutch Reformed Church (Afrikaans: Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk), Baptist Church, African Baptist Church (Afrikaan: Afrikaanse Baptiste Kerk), Apostolic, Pentecostal. The Seventh-day Adventist Church in South Africa was first established in Kimberley.
Art, music, movies and literature
Notable artists from Kimberley include William Timlin and Walter Westbrook, while the famous artist for his portrayal of Kimberley is Philip Bawcombe.
Authors from the city or with strong Kimberley links include Diane Awerbuck, Benjamin Bennett, Lawrence Green, Dorian Haarhoff, Dan Jacobson, E P Lekhela, Z.K. Matthews, Sarah Gertrude Millin, Sol Plaatje, Count Frank Templeton, Olive Schreiner, A.H.M. Scholtz.
A famous reggae and rhythm and blues musician from Kimberley is Dr Victor.
Museums, monuments and monuments
- The Big Hole, formerly known as Kimberley Mine Museum, is a re-created city and museum, with Big Hole photo-taking platform and other features, located next to the Kimberley Mine ("Big Holes"). It houses a rich collection of artifacts and information from the early days of the city.
- The McGregor Museum, which celebrates its 100th anniversary in 2007, collects and studies major research collections and information on Northern Cape history and ecology, reflected in exhibits at museum headquarters at Sanatorium in Belgravia and nine branch museums.
- Art Gallery William Humphreys.
- Kimberley Africana Library.
- Dunluce and Rudd House Museums.
- Aviation Museum Pioneer: In 1913, South Africa's first flying school opened in Kimberley and began training the South African Aviation Corps pilot, which later became the South African Air Force. The museum is located on the site of the flying school and home of Compton Paterson biplane, one of the first aircraft used for flight training. The first woman on the African continent to receive her pilot license, Ann Maria Bocciarelli, was trained at this facility.
- Robert Sobukwe Law Office
- The Sol Plaatje Museum is located in the house where Sol Plaatje lived and wrote Mhudi .
- Spoornet Transport Museum
- Clyde N. Terry Hall of Militaria
- Freddie Tate Museum
- The inheritance tram line opened in 1985, placing one of Kimberley's historic trams back on the tracks.
- On the outskirts of Kimberley, on Barkly West Road, Wildebeest Temple Rock Art Center, and Nooitgedacht Sea Ship. To the south of the city, Magersfontein Battlefield Museum (see Battle of Magersfontein), while blockhouses can be seen on Modder River.
Memorial includes:
- Memorial Miners, also known as the Diggers Fountain, is located in Oppenheimer Park and designed by Herman Wald. Built to honor all miners Kimberley. The memorial consisted of five human-sized diggers who lifted a diamond filter.
- The Dead Die Memorial Memorial commemorates those who died defending the city during the Kimberley Siege in the Anglo-Boer War.
- The Cenotaph was founded initially to commemorate the fall of World War I, with plaques added to the memory of the Kimberley volunteers who fell in World War II. There was a memorial dedicated to the Kimberley Cape Colored Corps who died in the Battle of Square Hill during World War I. Consisting of a weapon captured in battle, it originally stood in Victoria Crescent, Malay Camp, but, post-1994, was moved to the Cenotaph.
- The Concentration Camp Memorial recalls people interned in the Kimberley concentration camp during the Second Boer War, and located in front of the Dutch Reform Master Church.
- The statue of Henrietta Stockdale, by Jack Penn, commemorates the Anglican nuns, Sister Henrietta CSM & amp; AA (the remains of her remains are buried together), who petitioned the Cape Parliament to pass a law recognizing nursing as a profession and obliging the first mandatory nursing state registration in the world.
- The statue of Frances Baard was inaugurated by Premier Hazel Jenkins on Women's Day, August 9, 2009.
- The Statue of Sol Plaatje was inaugurated by South African President Jacob Zuma on January 9, 2010, the 98th anniversary of the founding of the African National Congress. Carved by Johan Moolman, it was in the Civic Center, formerly Malay Camp, and is located approximately where Plaatje had its press in 1910-13.
- Burger Monument near Magersfontein Battlefield
- The Tanjung Police Monument
- Mayibuye Memorial
- Rhodes horse statue
- Malay Kamp Memorial
Architecture
Famous religious buildings
- The Dutch Reformed Church, Newton is a fine example of cement architecture at Kimberley. It was declared a National Monument in 1976, now a Provincial Heritage Site.
- The old mosques of Kimberley were replaced by newer ones as a result of the Group Area Act and the involuntary resettlement of the city's Muslim community.
- The Seventh-day Adventist Church of Kimberley is a small L-shaped iron structure and is considered the mother church of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in South Africa. It was declared a National Monument in 1967, now a Provincial Heritage Site.
- The Cypriot Cathedral of St. Cyprian was designed by Arthur Lindley of the Greatbatch firm, the construction of the central part of the church was completed in 1908. The remainder of the cathedral was completed gradually, partly under the guidance of William M. Timlin (also of the Greatbatch firm). In 1926 Chancel was dedicated (and as a memorial to World War I); in the 1936 Chapel Lady, Vestry & amp; new organs added; and in 1961, the tower (warning of World War II). The cathedral has a famous stained glass window including works by Pretoria artist Leo Theron.
- Roman Catholic Cathedral of St Mary.
- Synagogue in Byzantine style designed by D.W. Greatbatch, and based on the synagogue in Florence, Italy.
Media
The city is served by print media and community radio stations.
Newspapers
Earliest papers here are Diamond Fields , which were originally published in Pniel on October 15, 1870. Other early papers with Diamond News and Independent . The Diamond Fields advertiser is the current Kimberley daily newspaper published March 23, 1878. Volksblad, with a free local supplement called Noordkaap , is read by Afrikaans speaking readers.
Radio
Two community radio stations were established in the 1990s:
- Teemaneng Radio
- XKfm based in the Xun and Khwe settlements of Platfontein outside Kimberley and broadcast in KhoeSan's two languages ​​spoken in Platfontein (! Xun and Khwedam)
Sports
Cricket
Kimberley has contributed a lot to the history of cricket after supplying several international players. There are Frank (Nipper) Nicholson, Xenophon Balaskas who was born in Kimberley to Greek parents and Ken Viljoen, Ronnie Draper and in more recent times Pat Symcox and Proteas coach Mickey Arthur.
Kimberley hosts the matches of the ICC Cricket World Cup 2003. Elsie McDonald is a Springbok bowler.
Rugby
Frank Dobbin known as Uncle Dobbin was a member of the original Springboks Paul Roos on a tour of the British Isles in 1906/7. His memory lived in an old colonial-style house on Roper street, carrying a simple brass plaque under the name 'Dobbin'. Then the Springboks to wear green and gold include Ian Kirkpatrick, Tommy Bedford and Gawie Visagie, brother of the Springbok flyhalf Piet Visfie based in Ammosal.
Kimberley is home to the Griquas rugby team, who had won the Currie Cup three times in 1899, 1911 and 1970.
Football
Richard Henyekane, South African footballer, comes from Kimberley, his brother Joseph playing for Golden Arrows. Jimmy Tau comes from Kimberley.
Swimming
Karen Muir, born in Kimberley, became the youngest person in 1965 to break the world record in any sport. This age group record stands to this day. He set in August 1965 at the junior world champion in Blackpool, England at 110 meters (360 feet) backstroke at the age of 12. He went on to break more world records but was denied his role in the swiming world when he lost the opportunity to represent his country at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City as a result of South Africa expelled for its racist apartheid policy. Kimberley also saw a broken world record in a city swimming pool now wearing the name Karen Muir. It was Anne Fairlie from Johannesburg who beat Karen Muir and Frances Kikki Caron in a world record.
Charl Bouwer, a paralimetic swimmer from South Africa who won gold in the 50m freestyle at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, was born in Kimberley.
Athletics
Bevil Rudd, Olympic medalist.
Bicycling
Leading cyclists are Joe Billet, Steve Viljoen, and Eddie Fortune. Joe Billet qualified for the 1968 Olympics to be held in Mexico. Joe is the cycling backbone of Kimberley for many years to come and inspires cyclists like the Hendriks brothers and Hennie champ Schoeman.
Skateboarding
Skateboarding Championship World Cup The first Maloof Money Cup was held at Kimberley in September 2011 and again in 2012. When the Maloof family sponsor ends in 2013, the event is known as the Kimberley Diamond Cup.
Sports facilities
- ABSA Park
- De Beers Diamond Oval *
- Flamingo Park (horse racing)
- Galeshewe Stadium
- Swimming Pool Karen Muir
Quote
"Kimberley has had a profound effect on history in South Africa.The discovery of diamonds there, more than a century ago, proved to be the first step in the transformation of South Africa from agriculture into industrialized countries.When gold and other minerals were later discovered in the north, Kimberley's male vision and company with the capital and technology to develop new resources. "- HF Oppenheimer, 1976. Foreword to Brian Roberts's book, Kimberley, a turbulent city .
Anthony Trollope visited Kimberley in 1877 and was notorious for being hot, debilitating and horrible, while the dust and flies in the early mining town nearly drove him crazy: "I sometimes think that the Kimberley people are proud of their flies and dust." , mostly built of dry bricks, and from boards and canvas and corrugated iron sheets carried by ox carts from the shore, he said: "In Kimberley there are two buildings with floors above ground, and this one is in the square: this is the only splendor There is no pavement The road is all dust and holes There is a market place in the middle which is certainly not pretentous.Around is the bumpy iron shops of the regular dealers in the provisions.. The worst place I do not know how to imagine it. "
A.H.J. Bourne, former principal of Kimberley Boys High School, returned to the city in 1937, observing that: "Kimberley's history will look great for any unfamiliar stranger to think that some supermind is behind his destiny. grow from bare velvet. "
In the early 1990s writer Dan Jacobson returned to Kimberley, where he grew up in the 1930s, giving a sense of how things have changed: "The people I know have vanished, so does their language. my early ghost years In my early years the white man Kimberley spoke only English: Afrikaans is the tongue of the Cape Coloured people... Now I am spoken in African languages ​​everywhere I go, with white, black, and colored together â €.
Kimberley boring? - asked Catherine Reichardt's virtualtourist reviewers: "Gladly, the answer is 'No', if you have a passion for history - in this case Kimberley has it in spades, and you may need to late into the night to fully appreciate attractions and charms In many ways, exploring Kimberley and its heritage is like experiencing the history of South Africa in microcosms. "
Miscellany
- Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) is an initiative to prevent the trading of "conflict diamonds" used to finance legitimate government weaknesses. Founded in 2003, following the May 2000 meeting of South African diamond producing countries in Kimberley. The tenth anniversary of the Kimberley Process was held at the Seperepere Mittah Convention Center, Kimberley, on 4 - 7 June 2013, bringing together representatives of Government, diamond industry and civil society. A memorial event was held at the Kimberley Tabernacle, the venue for the original KPCS meeting, in which 23 people present at the first meeting were honored for their involvement. South Africa's Minister of Mineral Resources, Susan Shabangu, discussed the closing session, noting KPC's role in minimizing the "blood diamond" trade, as well as "significant developmental impacts in improving the lives of people who depend on diamond trading." "
- The Kimberley Declaration is a statement, among other things, on the respect, promotion and protection of traditional knowledge systems, published by the Indigenous Council on Biocolonialism, on behalf of International Indigenous Peoples Meeting on Sustainable Development, Khoi-San Region, Kimberley, South Africa , 20-23 August 2002
See also
References
External links
- The Kimberley City Portal - The on-line directory for travelers, travelers and residents of Kimberley. Full listing of businesses, attractions, events and events with photos, contact information, and geographic location.
- Kimberley, the city churned up by Brian Roberts (1976, published by David Phillip & Kimberley's History Community and the Northern Cape)
- "Diamond Mines of South Africa" ​​by Gardner Williams (General manager of De Beers), Chapter 15 (25 pages of image history).
Geographic Location
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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