The French Crown Jewel (French: Joyaux de la Couronne de France ) consists of crowns, balls, sceptres, diadems and a gem that is a symbol of the power of the Kingdom between 752 and 1825. It is used by many King and Queen of France. The set was finally solved, with most being sold in 1885 by the Third French Republic. The surviving gems of the French Crown, especially a set of historic crowns, diadems and parures, are mainly exhibited in the Galerie d'Apollon (Louie), the main French museum and the former royal palace, along with the Bupati. Diamond, Sancy Diamond and 105-carat (21.0g) CÃÆ'Â'te-de-Bretagne red spinel, carved into dragon shapes. In addition, some gems and gems (including Emerald of Saint Louis, 'Ruspoli sapphire' and diamond pin of Queen Marie Antoinette) are displayed in the treasury of the Mineralogy Gallery gallery in MusÃÆ'§ um national d'histoire naturelle.
Video French Crown Jewels
Use of French crown gems
The crown jewelry consists of coronation instruments, called Regalia, and gems of a powerful family.
Since Pepin Short in 752, the accession of the King of France was legitimized by a coronation ceremony called sacre , because the emphasis was on the submission to the chrism of the Sacred Ampulla, performed for the first time at Notre-Dame de Reims in 816 for Louis the Pious, then with the Crown of Charlemagne. From 888 to 922, then 1027, all kings were crowned until the French revolution, in the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Reims (apart from Louis VI and Henry IV, crowned in Orlà © ans and Chartres). After the revolution, only Emperor Napoleon I, Queen Josephine and King Charles X were crowned. Although not always used, a set of expensive crown jewels does exist and is added by various kings.
The Crown Jewels or Diamante de la Couronne de France, consisting of gems and jewelry, became inescapable with the decision of Francis I on 15 June 1530. The CÃÆ'Â'te-de-Bretagne The red spinel is one of the 8 major gems. They suffered heavy losses by the Catholic League in 1590 but were reconstituted by Henry IV and greatly enhanced by Louis XIV, especially with the prizes of 18 Mazarin diamonds and the purchase of 'Royal French Blue' and 'Ruspoli' sapphire, followed later in 1717 with the Regent of Diamond. Under Louis XV, they were housed in the Royal Treasury at one of the Place de la Concorde pavilions, where they suffered a burglary in 1792 and a sale in 1795 after their partial recovery. In 1814, my Napoleon had restored the crown jewel to 65,072 stones and pearls, excluding the personal jewelry of both Empress Josephine and Empress Marie-Louise. Enhanced during the Restoration and again during the Second Empire, they counted 77,662 stones and pearls, consisting of 51,403 brilliant cut diamonds, 21,119 rose diamonds, 2,962 pearls, 507 rubies, 136 sapphires, 250 emeralds, 528 turkuise, 22 opals, 235 amethyst and 500 other stones, when they were sold in 1885 by the Third Republic. However, as in 1793, an important set of stones and pearls were sent to the MusÃÆ'Â umn national d'histoire naturelle and some of the most important jewelry bought back since 1953, which made the collection still number more than 11,000 stone and pearls..
The Regalia, which was widely hit in 1590, was originally housed in the treasures of the Saint Denis Basilica from where they were exiled in 1793 during the French Revolution. Several pieces of property, presumed to present artistic value, were preserved and sent to the Louvre, which sold 9 pieces in 1798, the National Library, the Museum of Natural History, and the archbishop of Rouen (5 items) and Paris. The others, sold in 1793 such as trophies and two Saint Denis cruets, or dismantled and melted in April 1794, such as the Charlemagne Crown and the Saint Louis and Queens, with the remaining treasures of the basilica include the Saint Eligius cross, the Charlemagne screen, the golden altar of Charles Bald or great relics. The litigation instruments kept in Reims suffered the same policy. Regalia was restored or recreated for the coronation of Napoleon I, which in turn suffered another partial destruction in 1819, and was finally completed for the coronation of Charles X in 1825.
Maps French Crown Jewels
Regalia and jewelery at Louvre
Crown of Louis XV
Of the approximately 20 documented royal crowns of the Ancien RÃ © gime, the only survivors of the destruction of 1590 and 1793 are the crown of Louis XV. The king has the Bupati of Diamonds located at the bottom of the fleur-de-lis at the front of his crown, while the eight famous Mazarin diamonds which have been inherited by the cardinal to the French Crown are governed in the other seven fleur-de-lis. -lis and inside the crown circle. Diamonds and colored gemstones are arranged between two rows of pearls in a circle and also arranged into four curves that rise behind the fleur-de-lis and eight decorative points between the fleur-de-lis. At the intersection of these four arches is a small pedestal surrounded by two small diamond rows on either side of a small pearl row. Eight larger diamonds between this pedestal and the arch give effect from sunburst when the crown is seen from above. On a raised ride, a double fleur-de-lis is formed of nine large diamonds, including the Sancy Diamond which forms the petals over the center of this double fleur-de-lis. The gold brocade hats that coat the crown are also adorned with large diamonds.
Since the Middle Ages, and before the crowning, the crown of the French monarch is adorned with gemstones such as in the crown of Charlemagne or the crown of Saint Louis, sometimes called Sainte Couronne . But some of the most precious precious stones can be removed from them, for it is a tradition for the king of France to pass on his crown to the Abbey treasury, now the Basilica of St. Denis, on their death. The crown is also inherited to Saint Denis on the death of Louis XV, but not before the diamond has been replaced with crystals, and it is displayed currently in the Louvre, also arranged with crystals.
The crown of Napoleon I
Napoleon's crown was made by the Martin-Guillaume Biennais jewelry with an antique brilliant act for the Emperor's coronation in 1804. The crown of his splendor was destroyed in 1819 by Louis XVIII with one of Emperor Josephine, the ball and eagle royal scepter. His ordination throne was in the Louvre and Queen Josephine's coronation ring at ChÃÆ'Â ¢ teau de Malmaison.
Empress Queen Eugà © nie
Eugenie's empress's crown was created in 1855 by Gabriel Lemonnier for the World's fair, just as one of the Emperors was destroyed in 1887. But Napoleon III finally chose not to be crowned. The diadems with the same jewelry are also presented in the Louvre with a large diamond brooch by Alfred Bapst containing two large Mazarin stones, as well as a large knot of diamond corsage and pearl and diamond brooch either by FranÃÆ'§ois Kramer.
Coronation weapons
The sword used during the coronation of the kings of France is displayed in the Louvre museum with a 13th century sarong, regardless of the crown jewels. In the first part of the celebration, the king received a chivalry badge, consisting of spurs and swords. Throughout the remainder of the ceremony, the sword was entrusted to the "table of Connà © Å ©", holding it with a blade pointing upward. The Treasury of Saint-Denis has several medieval swords including one from Saint Louis. According to legend, the crowning sword is "Joyeuse", [42] the sword of Charlemagne. Its unusual building and ornamentation make it difficult to date, but its parts may date from the 10th to the 13th centuries. Some believe it may have been much older, even produced before the reign of Charlemagne.
The coronation swords of Napoleon I and Charles X were also preserved in the Louvre museum, although the first was transferred to the Fontainebleau Palace with most of the preserved litugis instruments and imperial robe cloaks and the latter stolen in 1976.
Coronation spurs
Some elements of the 12th to 16th century spurs were substituted for the coronation of Napoleon I.
Sticks from Charles V
One of the few surviving pieces of medieval French gems is the rod that Charles V made for the future coronation of his son, Charles VI, who is currently on display at the Louvre. It was more than five feet long, and above it was a lily that supported a small statue of Charlemagne. This Charlemagne generation can also explain why this wand belongs to the imperial regiment of Napoleon I.
My Dagobert stick was stolen in 1795 during the Revolution.
Main de Justice
The unique type of French royal scepter is the Main Justice (Hands of Justice), who have ivory ivory fist of God in a blessing movement. Only the ivory fins themselves appear to have come from medieval times and probably come from one of the three former Hand of Justice in the treasures of Saint Denis, probably one from Saint Louis. The current ending gold rod may be made for the coronation of Napoleon I [43] or Charles X. [44] The addition of brilliant acting and other medieval gems, such as the 12th-century Saint Denis ring that surrounds the final and replaced rod junctions, represents the deliberate 19th century.
Tongkat lain, Baton William of Roquemont, dan cincin St. Louis berada di Louvre.
Saint Louis Bros
The collection also saves the 14th century or fermail brooch from Saint Louis, a large diamond-shaped fibula that brings fleur-de-lis in precious stones, used to hold coronation cloaks.
Serpentine Patent
The serpentine patent is said to be the Abbot Suger of the 1st century BC or AD, associated with the Ptolemies Cup, used on the coronation of the queen and hold its gold-studded golden Carolingian mounting from Charles the Bald.
Famous diamond
Among the most famous diamonds kept in the collection and now housed in the Apollo Louvre Gallery are the Sancy Diamonds, which used to be part of the British Commonwealth Jewelry Prequel, the pink diamond cut of Hortensia in 1678 for Louis XIV and above all the Regents of Diamond. The Treatment of the Regent of Berlian symbolizes the attitude of the Royal Family of the Crown to the Crown Jewel. While the Diamond Regent was the crowning center of King Louis XV, and worn by his coronation in February 1723, Marie Antoinette, Louis XVI's wife, wore it with a black velvet cap. The Royal French Blue is transformed into Hope Diamond now at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C..
With the remaining two remaining Renaissance gems, the red spinel and Dragon perle, the pin formed into a delphin shape, the crown of the collection contains a collection of, among other things, set emeralds and pearl earrings from Queen Josephine, micromosaic and emerald set and diamond queen Marie Louise, a pair of ruby ​​and emerald duchess of AngoulÃÆ'ªme, a sapphire chain from Queen Marie Ama lying, the diamond of the Order of the Holy Spirit and diamond portrait box Louis XIV.
Gemstones at the Natural History Museum and ÃÆ'â € | cole des Mines
Some gems and gems are on display in the treasury of the Mineralogy Gallery gallery in MusÃÆ'Â Â um national d'histoire naturelle. They include 51.60-carat (10,320 g) Emerald of Saint Louis, 135.80-carat (27.160 g) 'Ruspoli sapphire', Topaze (28.10 carats) and Large Emerald (17 carats) from Louis XIV, diamond pin Queen Marie Antoinette, Diamond-portrait (9.10 carats) and Amethyst of Empress Marie Louise, Louis XVIII Great Opal, bicolor Sapphire (19.67 carats), diamonds Jonquille (9.75 carats) and more than 800 pearls and stones. Furthermore, a set of stone and pearl 0444 is stored in ÃÆ'â € cole des Mines in Paris.
Regalia in the National Library of France
Dagobert's Throne I came from Saint Denis can now be seen on the Richelieu site of the National Library of France. The Ptolemies Cup is used by the queens to take ablution after the holy communion. This masterpiece among gemstones or gems carved from Antiquity, engraved with sketches and Dionysiac symbols, probably in Alexandria during the 1st century BC or the 1st century. It was stolen in 1804, and recovered without a gold studded with Carolingian gems. His serpentine patent was at the Louvre.
Charles X regalia in Saint Denis
Some of Charles X's coronation cloak and special regalia for this event include Crown Charles X and Crown Queen Marie ThÃÆ' Â © rÃÆ'¨se from Savoy shown in one of the central chapels of the Basilica. from Saint Denis. The crown of the surviving Dauphin Louis Antoine Duke of Angoule is also counted among the six living French crowns.
Instruments and liturgical robes in Reims
The Holy Ampulla was rebuilt with pieces of original chrism for the coronation of Charles X in 1825, originally housed in the Monastery of St. Remi, now presented at the Tau Palace next to the Notre-Dame de Reims cathedral with the coronation of Chalice and also some robes and robe which was preserved from the Ancien RÃ © Ã © and liturgical instruments created for the coronation of Charles X. They are displayed with some remaining pieces of the cathedral's medieval treasures and Talisman from Charlemagne, a great sapphire said to have been awarded by the Caliph Harun al-Rashid found in the tomb Emperor in 1804 and later offered by Empress Eugenie. Since 1906, the contents of the Sacred Ampulla are stored in Reims archbishopric.
Theft of crown jewels during the Revolution
The Crown Jewels were stolen in 1792 when Garde Meuble (Royal Treasury) was attacked by rioters. Most, though not all, Crown Jewels are finally found. Sancy Diamond is found in Russia on the collection of Vasily Rudanovsky. The Royal French Blue is believed to have recut, and is now known as Diamond Hope.
The notorious Hope is supposedly surrounded by bad luck. Marie Antoinette who was supposed to wear her was beheaded (actually, it was actually worn by her husband, Louis XVI, though she was also beheaded). Other owners and their families suffered suicide, marital decline, bankruptcy, death in car crashes, falling off cliffs, revolutions, mental disorders, and deaths from drug overdose. It is even closely related to the case of the murdered baby of Lindbergh, when its owner, the silver heiress Evalyn Walsh McLean, mortgaged her to collect the money he finally paid to the fraudster unrelated to the actual abduction. Most modern historians see stories of the curse of Hope for being false; the first mention of the stories was documented until 1908. Pierre Cartier, a Parisian jeweler, is widely credited with publishing stories of curses on diamonds in hopes of increasing sales. Since 1958, has been at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where it is the most widely viewed object in the Smithsonian collection.
The Crown Jewels is added with gems added by Napoleon I and Napoleon III.
Last coronation
The last French coronation took place in 1825 when King Charles X was crowned in Reims. The scale of coronation was seen by critics to show its return to the absolutism of the old regime that had been terminated by the 1789 Revolution. Some historians argue that the majesty of the ceremony marks the beginning. the end of the Bourbon monarchy, with the image of Charles as an old-fashioned king who was disliked by the French public, who favored the lower monarchy of his brother Louis XVIII. Louis Philippe of France, the last French king, was not crowned, and not Napoleon III, the last Emperor. Empress Napoleon III, Eugà © nie de Montijo, did have a crown made for her, though it was never used in formal coronations.
Disconnect and sale of French crown jewel
During the 18th and 19th centuries, these gems survived in the First French Republic, the Directorate, the First Empire, the Restoration, the July Monarchy, the Second French Republic, and the Second Empire. However, the decision of Henri, the Comte de Chambord not to accept the French Crown in the early 1870s ended not only the prospect of royal restoration. It also caused the rupture and the sale of part of the Crown Jewels. Brazilian Beauty AimÃÆ' Â © e de Heeren, deposits of President GetÃÆ'ºlio Vargas is known as the greatest personal owner of the French Crown jewel, along with Brazilian crown jewelry and other important jewelry.
In 1875, the Third Republic of France emerged with the passage of a series of Constitutional Laws. The temporary presidency is replaced by a full "President of the Republic".
While few expect royal restoration, of course, after the failure of Seize Mai seeks a royalist coup by Marshal Patrice de Mac-Mahon, sits the President of the French Republic, the continuing agitation of extreme right-wing royalists, and the fear of a royalist > kup d'ÃÆ' Â © tat , leads a radical deputy to propose the sale of the Crown Jewels, in the hope that their spreading will weaken the royalist's excuse: " No crown, no king need " said one member of the National Assembly. This controversial decision was made. All the jewels of the Crown Jewel were removed and sold in 1887, as were many crowns, crowns, rings and other items. Only a few crowns are kept for historic reasons, but with their original diamonds and gems replaced with colored glass. Some historic or unusual gems go to French museums, including a corsage brooch that contains some 'Mazarin diamond' [45], now in the Louvre, and 'Ruspoli' sapphire, now in the French Natural History Museum (curators take advantage of an unusual form of rhombohedral and asks to be excluded from the sale, claiming that it is a natural crystal that is not cut off).
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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