Calculate Alessandro in Cagliostro ( ; Italian: Ã, [ales'sandro ka? 'stro] ; June 2, 1743 - August 26, 1795) is an alias of the occult Giuseppe Balsamo ( [ balsamo] in French is usually referred to as Joseph Balsamo [balsamo] ).
Cagliostro is an Italian adventurer and a fake wizard. He became a glamorous figure associated with the royal palace of Europe where he pursued a variety of occult arts, including psychic healing, alchemy and scrying. His reputation lingered for decades after his death, but continued to deteriorate, as he was considered a swindler and a con man, this view was fortified by the savage attack of Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) in 1833, who told him that "Prince of Quacks". Then work - like the one from W.R.H. Trowbridge (1866-1938) in his book Cagliostro: The Glory and Woes of the Master of Magic (1910) - attempted to rehabilitate.
Video Alessandro Cagliostro
Biography
Origin
The history of Cagliostro is shrouded in rumors, propaganda, and mysticism. Several attempts were made to ensure his true identity when he was arrested for possible participation in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe recounted in Italian Journey that Cagliostro's identification with Giuseppe Balsamo was confirmed by a lawyer from Palermo who, upon request, had sent the document with copies of the relevant documents to France. Goethe met with a lawyer in April 1787 and looked at the documents and genealogy of Balsamo: Balsamo's great-great grandfather Matteo Martello had two daughters: Mary, who married Giuseppe Bracconeri; and Vincenza, who married Giuseppe Cagliostro. Maria and Giuseppe Bracconeri had three children: Matteo; Antonia; and FelicitÃÆ', who married Pietro Balsamo (son of a bookseller, Antonino Balsamo, who had declared bankruptcy before dying at the age of 44). FelicitÃÆ''s son and Pietro Balsamo are Giuseppe, who was baptized in the name of his great-great-uncle and eventually adopted his surname as well. FelicitÃÆ' Balsamo still lives in Palermo on Goethe's trip in Italy, and he visits her and her daughter.
Cagliostro himself declared during the trial after the Affair of the Diamond Necklace that he had been born of born-again Christians but abandoned as an orphan on the island of Malta. He claimed to have traveled as a child to Medina, Mecca, and Cairo and upon returning to Malta to have been accepted at the Sovereign Sovereign Order of Malta, with whom he studied alchemy, Kabbalah, and magic.
Early life
Giuseppe Balsamo was born to a poor family in Albergheria, formerly the old Jewish Quarter in Palermo, Sicily. Despite his family's uncertain family situation, his grandfather and uncle confirmed that young Giuseppe received a solid education: he was taught by a tutor and later a novice at St. Catholic Order. John of God, from where he was eventually expelled.
During the period as a novice in the order, Balsamo studied chemistry as well as a series of spiritual rites. In 1764, when he was twenty-one years old, he convinced Vincenzo Marano - a rich goldsmith - about the hidden treasures buried several hundred years earlier on Mount Pellegrino. The youth's knowledge of magic, Marano reasoned, would be invaluable in preventing the duo from being attacked by the supernatural beings who keep the treasure. In preparation for the expedition to Mount Pellegrino, however, Balsamo requested seventy pieces of silver from Marano.
When the time came for the two men to dig up the supposed treasure, Balsamo attacked Marano, who was left bleeding and wondering what had happened to the boy - in his mind, the alleged beating to him was the work of the djin-jin.
The next day, Marano visits the house of Balsamo via Perciata (since then his name was replaced through Conte di Cagliostro), where he knows the young man has left town. Balsamo (accompanied by two accomplices) has escaped to the city of Messina. In 1765-66, Balsamo found himself on the island of Malta, where he became a helper (donato) for Malta's Sovereign Military Order and a skilled pharmacist.
Travel
In early 1768 Balsamo left for Rome, where he managed to get a job as secretary to Cardinal Orsini. The work proved boring to Balsamo and he soon began a double life, selling amulets and "Egyptian" magical engravings taped to the boards and painted to look like paintings. Of the many expatriates and former inmates he encountered during this period, someone introduced him to a seventeen-year-old girl named Lorenza Seraphina Feliciani (ca. 8 April 1751 - 1794), known as Serafina, married 1768.
The couple moved with Lorenza's parents and her brother at Vicolo delle Cripte, adjacent to Strada dei Pellegrini. Balsamo's harsh language and the way he instigated Lorenza to showcase his body in stark contrast to his religious beliefs rooted in his parents. After a heated discussion, the young couple left.
At this point Balsamo befriends Agliata, a forger and a fraudster, who proposes to teach Balsamo how to fake letters, diplomas and a myriad of other official documents. In return, Agliata sought sexual intercourse with Balsamo's young wife, a request Balsamo received.
The couple traveled together to London, where Balsamo, now rearranging himself with one of several pseudonyms and titles given himself before establishing "Count Alessandro in Cagliostro", allegedly met the Comte de Saint-Germain. Cagliostro traveled throughout Europe, mainly to Courland, Russia, Poland, Germany, and then France. His fame grew to the point that he was even recommended as a doctor to Benjamin Franklin while living in Paris.
On April 12, 1776, "Joseph Cagliostro" was accepted as a Freemason of Esperance Lodge. 289 at Gerrard Street, Soho, London. In December 1777, Cagliostro and Serafina left London to the mainland, after which they traveled through various German states, visiting tightly rigorous Ritual huts looking for converts to Cagliostro's "Egyptian Freemasonry". In February 1779 Cagliostro went to Mitau, where he met the poet Elisa von der Recke. In September 1780, after failing in Saint Petersburg to win the protection of the Russian Tsaritsa, Catherine the Great, Cagliostros walked to Strasbourg, at that time in France. In October 1784, Cagliostros traveled to Lyon. On 24 December 1784 they founded the co-Masonic mother lodge of La Sagesse Triomphante from the Egyptian Freemasonry ritual in Lyon. In January 1785, Cagliostro and his wife went to Paris in response to Cardinal Rohan's request.
Affair of the diamond necklace
Cagliostro was tried in the Affair of the Diamond Necklace involving Marie Antoinette and Prince Louis de Rohan, and was held in the Bastille for nine months but was eventually released, when no evidence was found linking him to the affair. Nevertheless, he was banished from France on the orders of Louis XVI, and departed for England. There he was accused by French expatriot Theveneau de Morande as Giuseppe Balsamo, whom he denounced in his book The Open Letter to the British, imposing retractions and apologies from Morande.
Betrayal, imprisonment, and death
Cagliostro left England to visit Rome, where he met two people who proved to be spies of the Inquisition. Some accounts state that his wife was the one who originally betrayed him into the Inquisition. On December 27, 1789, he was arrested and imprisoned in Castel Sant'Angelo. Soon after that he was sentenced to death on charges of being a Freemason. But the Pope changed his sentence to life imprisonment at Castel Sant'Angelo. After trying to escape he was transferred to Fort San Leo where he died shortly after.
Maps Alessandro Cagliostro
Legacy
Portuguese writer Camilo Castelo Branco praises Balsamo about the creation of the Egyptian Freemasons Rite and intensive work in the spread of Freemasonry, by opening a loge across Europe and by introducing women's acceptance into the community. The idea of ​​"Egyptian freemasonry" was preserved in Italy by the Rite of Misraim, founded in 1813 by three Jewish brothers of darride and in France, the Memphis Rite founded in 1838 by Jacques Etienne Marconis de NÃÆ'¨gre; it united under Giuseppe Garibaldi as the Ancient and Ancient Rite of Memphis-MisraÃÆ'¯m in 1881.
Cagliostro is a remarkable counterfeiter. Giacomo Casanova, in his autobiography, recounts a meeting in which Cagliostro was able to forge a letter by Casanova, although he could not understand it.
The historian historian Lewis Spence commented in his notes about Cagliostro that the fraudster placed his well-earned fortune to be used well by starting and funding chains of maternity hospitals and orphanages across the continent.
He brought an alchemistic manuscript of The Most Holy Trinosophia amongst others with him on his ill-fated journey to Rome and it was alleged that he wrote it.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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